Evidence - Steven Avery & Brendan Dassey Case Archive

Steven Avery & Brendan Dassey— Case Archive

Key Evidence (4)

Toyota key

Physical Evidence

The Toyota-emblem key with an attached fob was described in testimony as found on Steven Avery's bedroom floor and was the subject of DNA testimony in both trials.

Teresa Halbach's RAV4

Physical Evidence

Teresa Halbach's Toyota RAV4 was found without license plates at the Avery Salvage Yard and identified by its VIN.

Bullet FL

Physical Evidence

Bullet FL is the garage bullet fragment marked Exhibit 277 in the Avery trial and Exhibit 113 in the Dassey trial, examined for firearm markings and DNA.

March 1 videotaped interview of Brendan Dassey

The March 1 videotaped interview of Brendan Dassey was the DVD of his recorded statement, identified as Exhibit 213 and played in part at trial.

Physical Evidence (322)

Toyota key — Lenk testified that he first saw the key on the bedroom floor after Colborn moved a cabinet; he did not describe seeing it fall. Culhane testified that the key turned the RAV4 ignition and unlocked a door, and that DNA from a swab of the key was consistent with Steven Avery's reference profile. At Avery's trial, the court received the key as Exhibit 211 despite the defense's stated substantive contest.

AveryDassey21 mentions

Teresa Halbach's RAV4 — Pamela and Nikole Sturm described finding a bluish-green RAV4 partly covered by branches and salvage materials; Dave Remiker testified that its VIN matched the vehicle registered to Teresa Halbach. John Ertl testified that the locked vehicle was moved into an enclosed trailer for Crime Lab examination after exposure to rain. Michael Riddle described inventorying its contents and reported no identifications from eight areas with prints suitable for comparison.

AveryDassey20 mentions

Bullet FL — The fragment was found beneath an air compressor in the garage on March 2, 2006. Newhouse described it as a .22-caliber bullet and testified that its microscopic markings identified the examined Marlin rifle as its source. Culhane said a wash of the fragment yielded a DNA profile consistent with Teresa Halbach's; she also reported that her own DNA appeared in a negative control, not in the bullet sample.

AveryDassey15 mentions

Eleven fired .22-caliber cartridge casings — Kucharski counted eleven casings in the container and said his earlier report and evidence sheet listed ten because he had miscounted. Newhouse testified that all eleven casings had been fired in the rifle he examined. In the Dassey trial, testimony also established that the search team had not swabbed the casings for DNA or preserved them for fingerprint lifting, and Riddle had not examined them.

AveryDassey15 mentions

Steven Avery's blood vial — Exhibit 478 contained a purple-stoppered blood tube labeled Steven Avery. LeBeau testified that EDTA was present in the tube and concluded that the tested RAV4 stains could not have come from it. Arvizu testified that the EDTA level in the tube had not been measured and that the stain results did not rule out the tube as a possible source.

Avery15 mentions

Bullet FK — The fragment was found in a garage-floor crack on March 1, 2006, and labeled Exhibit 276 in the Avery trial and Exhibit 114 in the Dassey trial. Firearms examiner William Newhouse identified .22-caliber and barrel-design characteristics but said the remaining markings could not identify the particular gun that fired it. Sherry Culhane could not develop a DNA profile from the fragment.

AveryDassey13 mentions

.22 caliber Marlin rifle — Roland Johnson identified the rifle as his gun and said he had kept it on the bedroom gun rack. Newhouse compared submitted casings and bullets with test fires from the rifle, while Riddle testified that it had not been submitted to him for fingerprint examination. Culhane reported no Halbach DNA on the tested barrel and no Avery DNA from the swabbed trigger area in the Avery trial; in the Dassey trial, she said she developed no DNA profile from the firearm.

AveryDassey11 mentions

Exhibit 58 — Dassey identified Exhibit 58 as the jeans he wore on October 31 and said he noticed bleach stains on them later and washed them that night. Fassbender testified that Dassey showed investigators the jeans on February 27, 2006, and that the stains remained visible. On cross-examination, Fassbender said there was no blood on the jeans and that laundering would greatly reduce the ability to detect it.

Dassey6 mentions

RAV4 hood-latch swab — Tyson testified that he swabbed the hood latch but not the interior hood release. Culhane said the swab did not appear to contain blood and that DNA testing produced a profile consistent with Steven Avery's reference sample.

AveryDassey5 mentions

bullet-test control — Culhane said her DNA appeared in the control, while the bullet sample yielded a single-source profile consistent with Teresa Halbach. She believed her work near the bench introduced the DNA but acknowledged that she could not say precisely how the control became contaminated.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 170 — Sturdivant identified Exhibit 170 as a partially burned rake from the burn site, with metal possibly from a steel belt caught in its blades; the court received it. Pevytoe described charring on its lower portion and steel-belted radial wires caught in it.

Dassey3 mentions

Exhibit 171 — Sturdivant identified Exhibit 171 as a wooden-handled spade observed near the burn pit and described charring on its blade; the court received it. Pevytoe also described darkening on its lower portion that he attributed to fire exposure.

Dassey3 mentions

Exhibit 26 — Fassbender identified Exhibit 26 as the steel vehicle hood shown leaning against the RAV4's passenger-side rear quarter panel and said moving it appropriately would take more than one person. Ertl described a Rambler hood leaning against the vehicle's rear, and the court received the exhibit.

Dassey3 mentions

Teresa Halbach's RAV4 license plate — In the Avery trial, Exhibit 153 was identified as the front plate bearing the registration number sought in the search, and the court received it. In the Dassey trial, Exhibit 45 was displayed during testimony that its edges had been swabbed for transferred DNA without yielding a profile.

AveryDassey3 mentions

.22 rifle — Kucharski said a .22 rifle was taken from a trailer on a supervisor's instructions, while ammunition was taken on a different date under separate instructions. In later recross-examination, Riddle said some rifle surfaces might be suitable for fingerprints but did not know which areas had been swabbed for DNA.

AveryDassey2 mentions

Bloodstains in the RAV4 cargo area attributed to Teresa Halbach — In the Dassey trial closing argument, the prosecutor attributed bloodstains in the RAV4's cargo area to Teresa Halbach. In Avery-trial cross-examination, Stahlke described a hair-transfer stain but could not determine whether the person associated with it was alive or dead; he found no high-velocity spatter and treated possible carpet cleanup as uncertain.

AveryDassey2 mentions

Brass-colored rivets found during a later examination of burn pit debris — Pevytoe testified that a detailed examination of burn-pit debris at the State Crime Laboratory in December yielded a couple of brass-colored rivets resembling those on jeans. On cross-examination, he said they were found visually and that he did not know the metal beneath their surface color.

Avery2 mentions

Digital camera Scott Bloedorn lent Pam Sturm for the search — Hillegas testified that Scott Bloedorn lent Pam Sturm a digital camera before she went to search the Avery Salvage Yard. On cross-examination, he said Bloedorn did not give cameras to the other volunteers that morning.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 164 and 165 — Colborn identified Exhibit 164 as a photograph of the .22-caliber rifle found in Avery's bedroom and Exhibit 165 as a photograph of the muzzleloader from the same gun rack. The court later admitted both photographs without defense objection.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 174 — Sturdivant identified Exhibit 174 as a burned vehicle bench-seat frame observed beside the burn pit and depicted in Exhibit 169; the court received it with Exhibits 168 through 173. Pevytoe later described the seat's oxidation and charred material as indications of fire exposure, but said he saw no bone fragments entwined in it.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 196 — Tyson identified Exhibit 196 as the gun rack mounted above Avery's bed, where he said two long guns had been located. Defense counsel later discussed the wooden rack in closing argument while questioning why the bookcase had not been produced as a physical exhibit.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 203 and 204 — Colborn testified that he found the leg irons and handcuffs in an area of the bedroom bookcase; Tyson identified Exhibit 203 as the leg irons and Exhibit 204 as the handcuffs. The defense later sought to withdraw the physical exhibits as evidence but agreed to defer that request; the court had not decided it at that point.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 287 — Riddle testified that he found the Air National Guard lanyard in the RAV4's center console. Katie Halbach said she had picked up a similar lanyard at a convention and given it to Teresa; the court admitted Exhibit 287 without defense objection.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 288 — Katie Halbach testified that she selected Exhibit 288 at Kohl's as Daisy Fuentes jeans she thought Teresa would have worn. On cross-examination, she could not say whether Teresa had altered the length of her own jeans or when she had seen them; the court admitted the comparison pair.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 348 — Culhane recognized laboratory tape, her initials, and a case label on the envelope marked Exhibit 348. The court initially deferred opening it until after recross-examination; a later procedural discussion described the package's condition before it was opened.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 8 — Michael Halbach identified Exhibit 8 as the box pictured in another exhibit for Teresa's Palm Zire 31 device, and the court admitted it with Exhibits 1 through 10. Thomas later read the Zire 31 label on the box while discussing electronic devices.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 92 — During Riddle's redirect examination, counsel identified Exhibit 92 as handcuffs and Riddle said he had not been given them to examine for fingerprints. A separate cross-examination reference labeled Exhibit 92 as leg irons, but its excerpt does not identify the object after the exhibit was shown.

Dassey2 mentions

Folded license plates found in the station wagon — Brandes testified that he found the plates behind the station wagon's passenger-side seat, folded inward so their number was hidden. He said he unfolded them and checked the number against a state trooper's written record before setting them back in the car.

Avery2 mentions

Handcuffs and leg irons — Tyson testified that another officer found handcuffs and leg irons in a bookshelf, although Tyson did not see their exact position there. In closing argument, defense counsel discussed the restraints and the absence of DNA matching Dassey or Halbach on them.

Dassey2 mentions

Material Sturdivant believed to be bone — Sturdivant described an approximately one-inch fragment near the burn pit and other material he believed to be bone in the charred debris and steel-belted tire wire. He said he could not tell by looking whether a fragment was human or animal.

AveryDassey2 mentions

Reported suspected human bones on or near the Avery property — Kakatsch testified that she first learned from television of reported suspected human bones on or near the Avery property. The defense later referred to that report while making an offer of proof about testimony it had expected to elicit from her.

Avery2 mentions

Wild Cherry Pepsi can (item A14) — Culhane identified the Wild Cherry Pepsi can as laboratory item A14, recovered from the RAV4's front driver's-side cup holder. She said it had no visible stains, so she swabbed its opening for DNA and developed a profile from the swabs.

AveryDassey2 mentions

.22 caliber rifle and trigger-guard swab — Culhane testified that she swabbed the .22-caliber rifle's trigger guard and obtained one DNA marker, which she described as trace DNA. She said the limited result could reflect several factors and did not identify a single cause.

Dassey1 mention

.22 firearm Wiegert said was found in Steve Avery's bedroom and linked to the bullet fragment — Wiegert testified that a garage search after Dassey's statement found a bullet fragment bearing Halbach's DNA. He said firearms analysis traced that bullet to the .22 rifle found in Avery's bedroom and attributed knowledge of the rifle's location to Dassey.

Dassey1 mention

.22 Glenfield rifle — Kucharski estimated that the .22 Glenfield rifle held 14 to 17 rounds. On cross-examination, he acknowledged that he had not loaded or taken apart the rifle to check its actual capacity.

Dassey1 mention

.22-caliber rifle, garage shell casings, and recovered bullets — The prosecutor discussed the .22-caliber rifle above Avery's bed, shell casings found in the garage, and bullets recovered during a later garage search. He argued that firearms testimony identified the rifle as the source of the casings and a bullet bearing Halbach's DNA.

.22-caliber rifle, shell casings, and garage bullet bearing Teresa Halbach's DNA — The prosecutor argued that a .22-caliber rifle from Avery's bedroom fired garage shell casings and a bullet bearing Halbach's DNA. He used those claimed connections to support his account of a shooting in the garage.

Dassey1 mention

112 — On Day 2, Kevin Heimerl identified Exhibit 112 as one of five Daisy Fuentes-stamped clothing rivets recovered during the overall sorting of burned debris. The court received the exhibit with others in the offered range.

Dassey1 mention

129 — On Day 2, William Newhouse agreed that Item FK could have been discharged by the weapon marked 129 because it shared the same general characteristics.

Dassey1 mention

152 — Paine identified Exhibit 152 as the sought license plate bearing an expiration tag and said it would be the rear plate. The court received Exhibit 152 with other plates and photographs on Day 5.

203, 204, 249 — Physical Exhibits 203, 204, and 249 were discussed separately from photographs in a Day 24 request to withdraw them as evidence. The defense agreed to defer that request, and the court did not decide it; the physical items were not to be sent to the jury automatically. Exhibits 203 and 204 were identified elsewhere as leg irons and handcuffs.

210; 219 — Kucharski identified Exhibit 210 as an image showing the key where it lay on the bedroom floor when the officers found it. He identified Exhibit 219 as another photograph of the key and described Lenk pointing it out near the end of the bedroom search.

247; 248 — Kucharski identified Exhibit 247 as a Glenfield Model 60 semi-automatic rifle and Exhibit 248 as a Connecticut Valley Arms Hawkin .50-caliber muzzleloading rifle. He testified that both were retrieved from the bedroom.

248 — During Day 19 cross-examination, Johnson examined Exhibit 248 and said the firearm was his if it had a wooden ramrod. He confirmed that it and a .22-caliber Marlin were the two guns he had in the master bedroom.

249 — Kucharski recognized Exhibit 249 as wires he had seen hanging from the rafters of Steven Avery's garage. He said he had not collected them, and the State did not offer the exhibit through his testimony on Day 9.

251, 317–325 — The group includes buccal-swab exhibits 317 through 324, Brendan Dassey's buccal-swab Exhibit 251, and Teresa Halbach's Pap-smear Exhibit 325. During Day 10 procedural discussion, the State offered them and the court ordered the offered exhibits admitted.

268–269 (photographs) — Exhibit 268 shows a bullet fragment found near marker 9 in the garage, and Exhibit 269 provides a closer view of the fragment in a crack in the concrete floor.

270–271 (photographs) — Heimerl testified that he saw what appeared to be a bullet beneath an air compressor in the garage. He identified Exhibit 270 as a medium-view photograph of the bullet at marker 23 and described it as appearing nearly intact.

279 — Heimerl described Exhibit 279 as a clothing rivet stamped Daisy Fuentes. He testified that clothing rivets and possible zipper teeth were among metal items found mixed with the material being examined.

326–336 — The group includes RAV4 stain exhibits identified by laboratory designations, along with a Wild Cherry Pepsi can identified as Exhibit 330. The State offered Exhibits 326 through 336 during Day 10 procedural discussion, and the court admitted them.

332 — The packaging identified Exhibit 332 as a swab collected from a CD case on the RAV4's front passenger seat, with laboratory designation A-10. LeBeau testified on Day 17 that his laboratory received it for testing.

334 — Exhibit 334 was identified in questioning as the A-12 bloodstain swab from the RAV4's rear passenger door. LeBeau testified that his laboratory received it for testing.

336 — LeBeau corrected an initial exhibit-number mix-up and identified Exhibit 336 as the A-8 swab from a stain by the RAV4's ignition. He testified that his laboratory tested the swab.

337–338 — Exhibit 337 was identified as charred bone and tissue material, while Exhibit 338 was a photograph of bone and tissue. The court admitted both on Day 10; the State requested that Exhibit 337 be removed for freezer storage, and the defense did not object.

375 — Exhibit 375 contains a lower-right jaw fragment with remains of Tooth No. 31 that Simley compared with antemortem dental images. He said the fragments were very consistent with Halbach's dental X-rays, while stopping short of a positive identification; the court admitted the exhibit.

475 — LeBeau described Exhibit 475 as control swabs reported to have been collected from a CD case in the RAV4. He said his laboratory received them for testing, and the court admitted the exhibit on Day 17.

476 — LeBeau described Exhibit 476 as one or two control swabs reported to have been collected from the RAV4's rear passenger door area. He said his laboratory examined them, and the court admitted the exhibit on Day 17.

477 — LeBeau described Exhibit 477 as control swabs reported to have been collected from the RAV4's ignition-switch area. He testified that he tested them, and the court admitted the exhibit on Day 17.

A roughly three-to-four-foot garage-floor area that faintly reacted to luminol but did not react to phenolphthalein when sampled — Ertl described a roughly three-to-four-foot garage-floor area that glowed faintly under luminol but had no visible spots or stains with the lights on. Swabs from several reacting places did not react to phenolphthalein, and he could not identify the substance responsible for the luminol reaction.

ammunition — Kucharski testified that .22 ammunition was taken from the trailer on a supervisor's instructions on a different date from the .22 rifle. He did not give the supervisors' reasons for either collection.

Dassey1 mention

Ammunition casings found in material from the burn pit — Heimerl testified that ammunition casings were found in material that came from the burn pit. He said he had not examined the debris from the barrel being discussed in the same exchange.

Dassey1 mention

Apparent melted cell-phone parts, including a piece Siders identified by a Motorola emblem — Siders said the apparent cell-phone pieces were mixed into wet ash rather than lying only on its surface. He testified that he could see a Motorola emblem on a melted piece in person but could not discern it in the photographs shown to him.

ash removed from the burn pit — Pevytoe testified that others had removed loose ash from the burn pit before he arrived. He said he later examined the removed material multiple times, including a more detailed piece-by-piece examination in December.

Dassey1 mention

Bed components, bedroom paneling and molding, paint-thinner cans, and sampled gas cans discussed in connection with negative presumptive blood tests — Tyson confirmed negative presumptive blood-test results for the specified bed component, bedroom paneling and molding, paint-thinner cans, and the gas cans that were sampled. His answers concerned those tested objects and samples, not every surface in the residence or garage.

Bedding — During Day 3 recross-examination, Culhane agreed that bedding can sometimes yield extractable DNA but said no bedding was submitted to her and she did not test any.

Dassey1 mention

Bedding and pillowcases seized from Avery's house — Remiker testified on Day 8 that he saw bedding and pillowcases seized, bagged, and removed from Avery's house. He said he did not observe blood on them when they were taken.

Bedding collected from beds in Steven Avery's trailer — Kucharski testified that he took bedding from a spare-bedroom bed on November 6 and from Avery's bedroom bed on November 8. He did not recall the individual pieces in either set.

Dassey1 mention

Bissell carpet cleaner and vacuum cleaner — Kucharski testified on Day 2 that he took the vacuum cleaner itself on November 6 and the Bissell carpet cleaner on November 8.

Dassey1 mention

Bleach bottle — Tyson testified on Day 2 that Officer Riemer seized the bleach bottle from Avery's trailer. Tyson said the bottle was processed with a focus on DNA evidence and was not checked for fingerprints.

Dassey1 mention

Bleach bottle found in Steve's trailer — During Day 6 recross-examination, counsel questioned Wiegert about a bleach bottle discovered in Avery's trailer months after the events under discussion. Wiegert said it had not been analyzed for Dassey's DNA, answered that he would not expect Dassey's fingerprints on it, and did not know how long it had been there.

Dassey1 mention

Bleach bottle, which Wiegert said investigators found empty — On Day 6 redirect, Wiegert said investigators found the bleach bottle where Dassey had said it would be and that the bottle was empty. He presented it as one example of a physical finding he believed matched details Dassey supplied.

Dassey1 mention

blood and DNA evidence from the SUV — In the Avery trial's Day 1 opening statement, Kratz previewed blood and DNA evidence from Halbach's SUV. He said testing would identify Halbach's blood in the cargo area and Avery's blood at several places inside the vehicle, and also described DNA evidence from the hood latch.

Blood evidence Wiegert attributed to Teresa in the back of her vehicle and to Steve in the vehicle — On Day 6 redirect, Wiegert said Halbach's blood was found in the back of her vehicle and Avery's blood was found in the vehicle. He compared those findings with statements he attributed to Dassey about placing Halbach in the vehicle and Avery having a cut finger.

Dassey1 mention

Blood vial from the Manitowoc County Clerk of Court's Office and bloodstains from the RAV4, identified as the subjects of the defense's requested independent testing — During Day 16 procedural discussion, the court identified the vial from the Manitowoc County Clerk's Office and bloodstains allegedly belonging to Avery in the RAV4 as the materials the defense sought to test independently for EDTA after FBI testing. The court denied the motion for sequential testing and said a separate funding ruling was unnecessary.

Blood vial, its packaging, and video of the box examination — During Day 23 closing argument, Buting discussed the blood vial, its box and inner container, and video of the box examination. He argued that the condition and storage of those materials left the vial as a possible source of the blood found in the RAV4.

Bloodstains and other DNA evidence associated with the RAV4 — In Day 23 closing argument, Kratz described samples taken from the RAV4's interior, blood attributed to Avery at multiple locations, and other DNA attributed to him at the hood latch. He also discussed cargo-area bloodstains and argued against a planting explanation; the court reminded jurors that closing arguments were not facts.

Bloodstains at the rear cargo threshold or bumper of Teresa Halbach's car — On Day 3 redirect, Stahlke agreed that the bloodstains he observed at the rear cargo threshold or bumper could not be assigned to Halbach's head rather than another part of her torso.

Dassey1 mention

Bloodstains Ertl reported on both entry doors and in the bathroom of Steven Avery's residence — Ertl testified on Day 6 that he found bloodstains on both entry doors and on the bathroom vanity floor and sink in Avery's residence. He said he found no bloodstain pattern there.

Bone and steel-belted tire wires — On Day 18 redirect, Pevytoe agreed that raking material out of a fire was one possible way bone and a mass of steel-belted tire wires could have come together in the condition he examined.

bone fragment EJ — During Day 2 cross-examination, Olson confirmed that numbered areas he tested on fragment EJ were along the outer edges of a beveled area. He also described taking control samples from the same surfaces he examined on bone fragments.

Dassey1 mention

bone fragments from the burn area — In the Avery trial's Day 1 opening statement, Kratz said bone fragments had been found in a burn area behind Avery's garage. He told jurors that an anthropologist would identify the recovered fragments as adult female remains.

Bone fragments from the burn pit and burn barrel — During Day 20 cross-examination, Fairgrieve agreed that most of the very small human bone fragments were recovered from the pit, while barrel fragments were generally larger. He said the pit bones appeared more heat-damaged; the linked testimony also described movement of bones between locations without identifying where the body was burned.

bone fragments from the gravel pits southwest of the property — On Day 14 redirect, Eisenberg said a later review identified several gravel-pit fragments as nonhuman. She said three remaining fragments could possibly be human but could not be identified as human to a reasonable degree of anthropological or scientific certainty.

Bone fragments in the Janda burn barrel — Fairgrieve testified on Day 20 that bone fragments in the Janda burn barrel were, on average, somewhat larger than fragments behind Avery's garage. He attached no significance to that difference beyond what he called incomplete movement of remains and said he did not know the reason for their distribution.

bone fragments recovered, packaged, and transported for examination — On Day 14 redirect, Eisenberg said the pit fragments she examined showed no additional or artificial damage that she attributed to their recovery, packaging, or transport.

Bone recovered from the burn pit that the State said would be matched to Teresa Halbach through DNA testing — In the Dassey trial's Day 1 opening statement, Kratz said a bone recovered from the burn pit retained tissue despite burning. He previewed DNA testing that he said would match the leg bone to a sample from Halbach; this was a description of expected proof, not testimony about completed results.

Dassey1 mention

Brendan's jeans — During Day 9 closing argument, Fremgen said Dassey's jeans had bleach on them but that testing found no blood. He argued that no further DNA testing was done on the jeans despite their use in the State's presentation.

Dassey1 mention

Buccal swabs described as held by the Manitowoc County Sheriff's Department — On Day 18, Wiegert testified that he understood buccal swabs to be packaged and sealed in the Manitowoc County Sheriff's Department evidence room. After a defense objection, the court instructed jurors that information passed to Wiegert could be considered only insofar as it explained his conduct, not for its truth.

Buccal swabs, fingerprints and palm prints collected as exemplars; Avery's prints were given to Agent Kapitany for immediate transfer — Tyson testified on Day 7 that the exemplars included DNA, fingerprints, and palm prints. He said he gave Avery's fingerprints and palm prints to Agent Kapitany after being told the Crime Lab wanted them immediately, but he did not know the results of any comparison with prints found on the RAV4.

Buccal-swab evidence discussed in the frame-up evidence dispute — After the jury left on Day 11, counsel disputed the defense's use of buccal-swab evidence in a frame-up argument. The judge said the swab evidence had been allowed and directed the defense to give advance notice before introducing additional evidence of that kind.

Bullet cartridges or shell cases — Riddle testified on Day 18 that he received no cartridges or shell cases for fingerprint examination in this case. He said he had found fingerprints on cartridge cases very seldom in other work, but not on a .22 case.

bullet DNA test and manipulation control — During Day 11 recross-examination, Culhane distinguished DNA introduced into the manipulation control during extraction from the bullet evidence extract. She agreed that, without a deviation permitted by her lab's protocol, her report would have described the bullet DNA result as inconclusive.

bullet evidence sample — Culhane testified on Day 11 that her DNA was in the control, not the bullet evidence sample. She described the sample as single-source and consistent with Teresa Halbach, and said the control contamination had no scientific bearing on the sample's profile.

Bullet Fallon said was found in the garage with Teresa Halbach's DNA — In Day 9 rebuttal closing argument, Fallon described a bullet found in the garage after Dassey spoke about a shooting there. He said a DNA profile was obtained from the bullet and identified it as Halbach's.

Dassey1 mention

Bullet fragment Item FL and its DNA extraction, which produced a contaminated manipulation control; Culhane distinguished the control from the evidence sample — Culhane's Day 11 cross-examination addressed the bullet fragment's DNA extraction and a contaminated manipulation control. She agreed that the ordinary rule called for an inconclusive inclusion, that the extraction could not be repeated, and that she used a deviation to report the bullet result.

Bullet fragment located near the air compressor in Avery's garage — Remiker testified on Day 8 that Heimerl noticed what looked like a bullet fragment near the air compressor during a garage search. Remiker said the fragment was photographed and that he collected it; he could not recall whether the compressor had been moved before he saw it.

Bullet fragment with Teresa's DNA — During Day 6 recross-examination, Wiegert agreed that he had pointed to the bullet fragment with Teresa Halbach's DNA in discussing a scientific connection to Dassey. Counsel then raised the possibility that Avery could have told Dassey about a shooting in the garage.

Dassey1 mention

Bullet fragments found during the March garage searches — Fassbender agreed on Day 5 that bullets or bullet fragments were found in the garage only during a later search around March 1 and 2. He said some earlier searches targeted specific items while others were broader.

bullet fragments, pieces of bone, rake, and shovel cited by the court — In a Day 9 procedural ruling, the court named the bullet fragments, bone pieces, rake, and shovel as examples of significant facts corroborating Dassey's confession. The court said that corroboration was sufficient for the confession as a whole, including the sexual-assault count.

Dassey1 mention

bullet sample — During Day 11 further recross-examination, Culhane said she had handled the bullet sample to extract it. Counsel questioned whether her handling of the evidence, rather than only activity near the bench, could explain DNA found in the control.

burn barrel — Fabian testified on Day 12 that he encountered smoke near a burning barrel but did not look inside it or see anyone put anything into it. Cross-examination also raised the possibility of plastic in ordinary garbage.

Burn barrel containing ash and a wheel rim with apparent tire belting — Siders testified on Day 6 that he removed a rim with what appeared to be tire belting from the barrel. He described ash and apparent melted cell-phone parts inside, while clarifying that the parts were mixed into wet material rather than simply lying on top.

Burn barrel contents identified as components of a cellphone, digital camera, and PDA — In Day 23 closing argument, Kratz described components identified as parts of a cellphone, a digital camera, and a PDA recovered from the burn barrel. He said those items matched belongings attributed to Halbach and argued from witness accounts that Avery burned them.

Burn barrel near Steven Avery's residence — Fabian testified on Day 12 that smoke from the burn barrel blew toward him when he stopped near Avery's residence at about 5:20 p.m. He described heavier smoke with a plastic-like smell, but his account did not identify what was burning.

Burn Barrel No. 5 contents — Ertl testified on Day 2 that he worked through Burn Barrel No. 5's contents bit by bit and that the contents from a given barrel were collected together. He said he did not know when items in the barrel had been burned.

Dassey1 mention

Burn Barrel No. 5 contents, including electronic-looking components and items resembling batteries — Ertl testified on Day 2 that Burn Barrel No. 5 contained mostly ash beneath a wheel rim, along with coiled wires. Sifting yielded electronic-looking components, some marked with a Motorola emblem, and items resembling burned batteries.

Dassey1 mention

Burn barrel, metal rim, ashes, and melted plastic parts — Siders testified on Day 6 that he found a barrel containing a metal rim with wires, ash, and burnt, melted plastic. He said some plastic appeared to be parts of a cellphone.

Burn pit debris sifted behind the garage, including small pieces that looked like teeth or bone; Ertl could not say whether they were human remains — Ertl testified on Day 2 that his team sifted ash and other debris from a burn area behind the garage. They collected small pieces that looked like teeth or bone, but he could not say whether they were human remains.

Dassey1 mention

Burn-area bone and dental fragments — In Day 23 closing argument, Kratz described bone fragments from the burn area, dental comparisons, and a DNA result from a charred bone-and-tissue piece. He argued that the location and condition of the remains identified Halbach and showed that the area behind Avery's garage was the primary burn site.

Burn-area fragments described in Fallon's account of earlier testimony — During Day 19 argument over the searches, the court described initial burn-area finds as appearing to be burned fragments that prompted further searching. Fallon argued that discovery of an apparent human-bone piece near the pit led officers to examine it more closely.

Burn-pit material — Ertl testified on Day 2 that the burn pit was not gridded to record where each scoop of ash came from. He said the team worked from the accessible part of the pit toward the less accessible part, and he did not know where the packaged material went afterward.

Dassey1 mention

Burn-pit remains and clothing remnants — In Day 24 rebuttal closing argument, Kratz described bones, tissue, skull fragments, and clothing remnants including jeans rivets in the burn pit. He argued that their presence together supported the State's proposed primary burn location.

Burn-pit remains, bone and tissue findings, dental comparison, and tire wire — In Day 9 closing argument, Fallon described burn-pit bone and tissue findings, a dental comparison, and bone fragments observed within tire wire. He argued that these findings identified Halbach's remains and matched details attributed to Dassey's statements.

Dassey1 mention

burned bone fragments — Fairgrieve testified on Day 20 that burned fragments in a barrel were, on average, larger than fragments in the burn area. He recalled the larger pieces as roughly an inch and a half across and did not claim to know whether fragments had been found or missed elsewhere.

burned bone fragments and possible bone from other sites — Wiegert confirmed that burned bone fragments were found in a barrel. He also recalled material from another site being sent for examination, but could not recall which site it was or whether the possible bone was human.

Burned bone fragments discussed at the Avery burn area, a Janda burn barrel, and the Radandt gravel quarry — In his Day 1 opening statement, Strang described burned fragments in the Avery burn area and a Janda burn barrel, along with fragments in the Radandt gravel quarry that he characterized as probably human. He argued that fragments had been moved, while acknowledging uncertainty about their original burn site.

burned bone fragments from the burn pit and adjacent areas and burn barrel number two — Eisenberg said the overwhelming majority of fragments she identified as human came from in and near the burn pit behind the garage. She cited delicate fragments and similar degrees of burning there, and said barrel number two contained fewer identifiable human fragments and dental structures than she would expect at a primary burn site.

Burned bones found in at least two locations — Fairgrieve said burned bones in at least two locations indicated movement after burning. He could not say with reasonable scientific certainty where the remains were burned.

Burned debris and clothing rivets — Heimerl said he examined burned debris removed from the burn pit and other areas of the property. He discussed a rivet stamped with the Daisy Fuentes name and did not recall seeing a matching jeans waist button in the burn-pit material he examined.

Burned human bone fragments discussed in the burn area, a barrel, and possibly the quarry — Strang said burned human fragments were found in a barrel away from the garage-area burn site and that fragments in the quarry might also be human. He asked the jury to consider whether remains had been burned elsewhere and brought to the area behind Avery's garage, presenting that as an argument rather than an established finding.

Burned human bone fragments from behind Avery's garage — Eisenberg said the fragments from behind the garage lacked the lighter-colored breaks she would expect from hypothetical transport to that site. She testified that most identified human fragments were in and near the pit and that she believed human bone was transported from there to barrel number two.

Burned jumper-cable insulation initially resembling bone in the elevated area — Pevytoe said chalk-white pieces in the elevated area initially looked like bone. On closer examination, he identified them as burned synthetic insulation from jumper cables entwined in a dog's leash and did not think bone fragments had been found in that elevated area.

Burned Motorola cell phone components, charred Canon Sure Shot A310 camera remains, other electrical components, and batteries from a burning barrel — Olson described visually identifying material consistent with a Motorola flip phone, charred remains of a Canon Sure Shot A310 camera, other electrical components, and batteries among items submitted from a burning barrel. He said his laboratory was not equipped to extract information from the phone or camera components.

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Burned phone, PDA, and camera in Avery's burn barrel — Kratz described a phone, PDA, and camera as burned items found in Avery's burn barrel. He argued that the defense's proposed accounts did not explain their presence there.

Burned remains recovered from Avery's burn pit — Buting described Halbach's remains in the burn pit outside Avery's garage and compared them with human bone in a Janda barrel and possibly human bone at a quarry site. He contrasted expert views about the original burn site and argued that the collection record left that question unresolved.

Burned tire wire with bone fragmentation entangled in it, and a burned vehicle seat — Pevytoe described a mass of wire beside the pit that he considered consistent with burned steel-belted tires, with suspected bone fragments entangled in it. He also described burned metal remains of what he thought might be a vehicle's rear seat.

Burned tire wire with suspected bone fragments embedded in it — Pevytoe described a mass of wire from multiple tires near the burn pit and pieces of tire wire within the pit. He said apparent bone fragments were intertwined deep in the larger mass, but could not determine from that how they became intermingled.

Burned vehicle seat and associated seat-belt buckle — Pevytoe described a burned, metal vehicle seat beside the pit and a seat-belt buckle with burned-off webbing. He could not identify the vehicle, say when the seat burned or explain how it came to rest there; he saw no bone fragments intermingled with it.

Cardboard box described as having contained a blood vial; Riddle reported no fingerprint identification from it — Riddle examined prints lifted from a cardboard box described as having contained a blood vial. He reported no fingerprint identification from his comparison with prints of Andrew Colborn and James Lenk.

Cardboard box that contained a blood vial, and the vial itself — Riddle said he issued his report on the cardboard box on February 19 and completed a separate report on the blood vial on February 26. His cross-examination addressed when he examined the two objects, not a test result for either.

Carpeting, bed components, and wall paneling removed from Avery's residence; Bowe was aware the septic trap was taken but did not see it come out — Bowe said he saw carpeting and bed components carried from Avery's residence and pieces of bedroom wall paneling taken out. He was aware that a septic trap was removed but did not see it come out, and could not say whether all the paneling was taken.

Cartridge casings discussed in relation to bullets FK and FL — Newhouse identified the empty cartridge casings as CCI .22-caliber ammunition. He said he made no further attempt to associate the casings with bullets designated FK and FL.

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cell phone found near the Mishicot river area — Sturm said a cell phone was found during a search near the river by Mishicot and that she initially thought it might be important. She said an officer photographed and took the phone, and she believed a Halbach family member later told her it was not Teresa's.

Charred Canon PowerShot A310 camera — Olson identified a charred Canon PowerShot A310 camera among material submitted to him from a burning barrel. His assigned examination concerned identification of the charred electronics, not extraction of data from them.

Charred material Sturdivant believed to be bone near and within the burn pit — Sturdivant described a charred piece near the burn pit that he believed was bone. He also described material within and around the pit, including fragments in steel-belted wire and possible skull fragments, as his observations rather than confirmed identifications.

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Charred portion of a Motorola cellphone — Olson identified a charred portion of a Motorola cellphone among items submitted from a burning barrel, alongside camera parts and other electronic components. His assigned examination was to identify the items rather than extract data.

Charred tissue sample, laboratory item BZ — Culhane described laboratory item BZ as tissue attached to a burned bone fragment from the burn pit. DNA testing produced results at seven markers and a female gender marker; the results were consistent with Halbach's comparison sample, but the partial profile did not permit a source attribution.

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Clothing remnants and electronic-device remains recovered from the burn area and burn barrel — Fallon cited five Daisy Fuentes rivets and a zipper pull from the burn area, and described camera, phone, and PDA remains recovered from a burn barrel. He used those items in his closing account of burned clothing and personal effects.

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Clothing rivets and a zipper that the State said were recovered from the burn area — On Day 1, the prosecutor said five rivets marked Daisy Fuentes, a zipper, and other clothing items had been recovered from the burn area. He connected the rivets to jeans he said Katie Halbach would testify Teresa owned and that were missing after her death.

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Concrete removed from the garage floor and preserved for possible testing — During Day 9 cross-examination, Heimerl confirmed that a jackhammer was used in the March garage search and that the removed material was collected and preserved for possible testing. He did not know whether it was sent to the Crime Lab.

Couch-fabric cuttings collected after luminol helped locate stains in Steven Avery's and Charles Avery's residences — Ertl testified on Day 6 that luminol helped reveal previously unnoticed, visible bloodstains on a couch in Steven Avery's residence. He said stains were also found on a couch in Charles Avery's residence and that fabric was cut from both couches to collect them.

Cranial fragments and X-rays discussed as evidence of gunshot injuries — The prosecutor said Eisenberg found two cranial fragments with internal beveling consistent with projectile entry wounds, one from the left side and one from the back of the head. He also cited X-ray findings of elemental lead near the damage.

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Creeper collected and packaged from the garage — Heimerl testified on Day 2 that his team did not swab the creeper in the garage. He said it was collected and packaged whole for removal, while any later analysis was outside his responsibility.

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Creeper examined after Brendan described its use — Wiegert agreed that Dassey had described a creeper being used to move Halbach. When asked what physical evidence backed that account, Wiegert pointed to a creeper in the garage.

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creepers — Defense counsel described the State's claimed use of a wheeled creeper to move Halbach's body. He argued that no blood had been found on it and that it had not been tested for DNA.

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Cremains discussed in the disputed burn-site opinion — During a Day 20 discussion outside the jury's presence, the prosecutor said Fairgrieve's amended disclosure had indicated an opinion that there was no evidence the cremated remains were originally burned in the barrel where they were found. He raised a notice concern about the opinion elicited in testimony.

Cremated bone fragments — Fairgrieve said he had examined photographs rather than the bone fragments themselves and saw fractures consistent with intense heating. Relying on Eisenberg's report, he accepted that human fragments had been found in the Janda burn barrel and behind Avery's garage; he said the reported inventory was consistent with one individual.

Crumpled RAV4 license plates examined and packaged after their discovery — Ertl testified on Day 2 that the plates had been found rolled or crumpled in a vehicle and reportedly opened enough to identify them as belonging to the RAV4. He said the area was photographed, the plates were examined for obvious fingerprints, and he helped package them.

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Crusted material at the bottom of the burn pit — Pevytoe described a thick, black, crusted layer at the bottom of the burn pit after loose debris had been removed. He said the layer was broken apart and included soil and material that appeared to be burned tire products.

Daisy Fuentes jeans rivets recovered with burned material — The prosecutor said five of six Daisy Fuentes rivets were found mixed with human fragments. He connected them to jeans that Katie Halbach had said Teresa owned and that were missing after her death, while presenting the conclusion about when the jeans burned as the State's inference.

Damaged compact flash cards from the camera — Thomas testified on Day 14 that most of the compact flash cards lacked the connector needed for a card reader. He said the laboratory could remove memory chips to read them if necessary, but that was not done here.

Dassey's jeans, which the State said were splashed with bleach — The prosecutor said Dassey had given investigators jeans he identified as the pants he wore that night and had described them as splashed with bleach from cleaning Avery's garage. The statement previewed that evidence rather than reporting a finding made in this testimony.

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Debris collected from the burn area and visually sorted for potential evidence — Heimerl testified on Day 9 that investigators spread previously collected burn-area debris in thin layers and examined it visually rather than using sifting screens. He described metal objects found in the debris, including clothing rivets, possible zipper teeth, and shell casings.

Debris removed from the burn pit, including fragments Pevytoe believed consistent with bone, suspected dental remains, and two charred masses he considered consistent with muscle — Pevytoe testified on Day 4 that he examined debris previously removed from the burn pit by other investigators. He selected small fragments he believed consistent with bone, suspected dental remains, and two heavily charred masses he considered consistent with muscle.

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Dental remains examined by Simley — Simley testified on Day 13 that the damage to the dental remains he examined could reflect either an extremely hot fire or prolonged heat exposure. He declined to assign a temperature range or duration.

Digital camera and photo card Remiker said he saw in the RAV4's back area — Remiker testified on Day 8 that he peeked into the RAV4 and recalled seeing a digital camera and a photo or memory card in its back area. His account was an observation from outside the vehicle, which he said he had instructed others not to touch.

DNA extract tube from Item FL, which the State said remained available for testing and the defense said would not provide an independent test if contamination occurred during extraction — During a Day 19 hearing on renewed forensic-testing issues, the State said the extract tube remained available for testing and argued that contamination had occurred in a control, not the evidentiary sample. The defense argued that retesting the extract would not provide an independent check if contamination had occurred during extraction.

Dried bloodstains in the Toyota RAV4 — On Day 17, the defense sought preservation of the dried bloodstains in the RAV4, related swabs, and control samples for possible later independent testing. The court addressed preservation of samples but left details of how to preserve the vehicle stains unresolved in the quoted exchange.

EJ — On Day 2, Kenneth Olson testified that he examined one fragment from Item EJ. He described traces of elemental lead near a defect and said the defect's appearance was consistent with a high-speed projectile.

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electronic components from the burn barrel — The prosecutor said electronic components had been found in Avery's burn barrel and previewed testimony comparing them with parts of a Motorola phone and a Canon digital camera. He also said components of a personal digital assistant were found there.

Evidence Tag 8266 — On Day 1, Thomas Fassbender examined the tagged evidence bag while refreshing his recollection and said it contained one pair of silver handcuffs taken from Barb Janda's bedroom.

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Evidence Tag 8267 — On Day 1, Thomas Fassbender examined the tagged evidence bag while refreshing his recollection and said it contained a second pair of silver handcuffs from Barb Janda's bedroom.

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Evidence Tag No. 8318 — On Day 4, Leslie Eisenberg said the box was the first of 50 containers she received. It arrived sealed, and its bones were not individually packaged, although a clear bag inside held some segregated items.

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examined and potentially missing device components — On Day 14, Thomas agreed that he had examined the device pieces present but had not performed an examination to identify exactly which pieces were missing. He said he could not tell whether any missing pieces were metal.

Exhibit 113 and 114 — On Day 2, William Newhouse discussed differences between his test-fired ammunition and bullets FK and FL, marked as Exhibits 113 and 114. He called the ammunition the same type while acknowledging possible differences.

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Exhibit 124 and 130 — On Day 2, Daniel Kucharski testified that a Bissell carpet cleaner was collected from Steven Avery's residence during a search on November 8. He identified Exhibit 130 as the cleaner; the grouped exhibit identity also includes its photograph.

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Exhibit 14 — On Day 1, Katie Halbach identified Exhibit 14 as the blue Air National Guard lanyard she had given Teresa. The court received the exhibit without objection.

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Exhibit 151-154 — On Day 3, Sherry Culhane identified Exhibits 151 through 154 as RAV4 cargo-area samples designated A1 through A4. She described collecting portions of reddish-brown stains and reported positive preliminary blood tests for the stains discussed.

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Exhibit 155-160 — On Day 3, Sherry Culhane identified Exhibits 155 through 160 as RAV4 samples designated A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, and A12. She described collection sites including the front seats, floor area, a CD case, and a panel between the backseat and cargo area.

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Exhibit 162 — On Day 3, Donald Simley identified Exhibit 162 as remains he examined, including jaw-bone and tooth-root fragments. He used reconstructed fragments of Tooth No. 31 in a comparison with Teresa Halbach's earlier dental x-rays, and the court received the exhibit.

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Exhibit 172 — On Day 3, Thomas Sturdivant identified the zipper as one picked from sifted debris and described its capital Y-K-K marking. The court received Exhibit 172 with the other exhibits in the offered range.

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Exhibit 185 and 186 — Tyson identified Exhibit 185 as a photograph of a dried stain on the bathroom linoleum and Exhibit 186 as a close-up of the same stain. He testified that the possible blood spot had been photographed and swabbed.

Exhibit 195 — During Day 7 cross-examination, Tyson said a mark on the bleach bottle was tested for possible blood and gave a negative presumptive result. He recalled seeing a bleach bottle in the bathroom but qualified whether it was the same bottle as Exhibit 195.

Exhibit 205, 191 and 192 — Tyson identified Exhibit 205 as a hood-latch swab taken for possible DNA evidence and said Exhibit 192 showed the latch in close-up. He described swabbing the front and back of the latch's release mechanism; no laboratory result was given in this testimony.

Exhibit 255 — On Day 9 cross-examination, Kucharski read the packaging label for Exhibit 255 as identifying a possible blood drop, with the word “control” crossed out. Asked whether that likely meant no control was included, he said he assumed so.

Exhibit 317–324 and 251 — Culhane identified Exhibits 317 through 324 and 251 as buccal swabs from the named Avery, Dassey, and Janda individuals. She described markings on the packaging as she identified the standards during Day 10 testimony.

Exhibit 325 — Culhane identified Exhibit 325 as a slide holder containing Teresa Halbach's Pap smear. She testified that she developed a DNA profile for Halbach from that sample.

Exhibit 326–329 — Exhibits 326 through 329 are RAV4 cargo-area stain samples designated A-1, A-2, A-4, and A-3. Culhane described presumptive blood testing of the stains and later identified Halbach as the source of DNA from the cargo-area samples.

Exhibit 331–336 — Exhibits 331 through 336 cover RAV4 interior samples designated A-9, A-10, A-6, A-7, A-12, and A-8. Culhane described samples from surfaces including a CD case, the driver's seat, the floor beside the console, and the area by the ignition.

Exhibit 337 — Culhane described Exhibit 337 as a heat-damaged sample that appeared to contain bone and tissue. She developed a partial DNA profile from tissue near the bone; the court later admitted the exhibit.

Exhibit 373 — Sturdivant identified Exhibit 373 as a zipper retrieved while debris was sifted and said the letters YKK appeared on it. The court admitted the exhibit during Day 13 testimony.

Exhibit 415 — Thomas identified Exhibit 415 as a box containing burned electronic components and testified that components in it included parts from a Palm Zire 31 PDA. He identified the components in a separate photograph as the same ones he had analyzed, and the court admitted the exhibit.

Exhibit 54 — On Day 3, Sherry Culhane said she believed the displayed Exhibit 54 was the pair of Brendan Dassey's jeans she examined. Her notes described whitish staining that looked like bleach staining, no stains consistent with blood, and one small brown stain that tested negative for blood.

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Exhibit 59 and 60 — On Day 1, Fassbender discussed two sets of handcuffs from the Dassey/Janda and Avery residences but could not assign each exhibit number to a residence. He agreed there was no identified physical evidence connecting Dassey to the handcuffs from the Avery property, while qualifying his recollection of DNA findings on one set because he did not have the lab report before him.

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Exhibit 59–62 — On Day 1, Thomas Fassbender identified Exhibits 59 and 60 as two sets of handcuffs and Exhibits 61 and 62 as two sets of fur-lined leg irons. The court received these exhibits within the offered range.

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Exhibit 6 — On Day 1, Karen Halbach identified Exhibit 6 as the box for a Canon PowerShot A310 digital camera and said the box was found in Teresa's house. The court received it with the other exhibits offered from her testimony.

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Exhibit 61 and 62 — On Day 1, Fassbender corrected his earlier account and said both sets of leg irons came from Ms. Tadych's bedroom. He agreed that no fingerprints or DNA connected Exhibits 61 and 62 to Dassey, but said he would need the lab reports to confirm whether they had been processed.

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Exhibit 7 — Karen Halbach identified the box after confirming that Teresa owned a PDA. The court later received Exhibits 1 through 10.

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Exhibit 91 — William Tyson identified Exhibit 91 as iron handcuffs found in a bookcase beside a desk in Steven Avery's bedroom. The exhibit was also shown during Sherry Culhane's Day 3 cross-examination.

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Exhibit 91–92 — Tyson testified that the handcuffs and leg irons were found in a bookcase next to a desk in Steven Avery's bedroom. He said both looked the same or similar to when they were recovered.

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Exhibit 93 — Tyson said searchers were specifically looking for a bleach bottle during a later warrant search. He understood that Deputy Riemer collected the bottle and that it was empty at collection.

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Fifty-two submitted items, which Simley classified as 24 tooth fragments, three lower-jaw bone fragments, 24 pieces of wood, and one piece of plastic — Simley testified on Day 13 that he classified 52 submitted items as 24 tooth fragments, three lower-jaw bone fragments, 24 pieces of wood, and one piece of plastic. He explained that badly burned wood could resemble fragmented teeth and that X-rays helped him distinguish some pieces.

fire-damaged device components — Thomas testified on Day 14 that the surviving device components he examined were primarily metal. Asked about components not present, he described them as primarily plastic.

Firearms left in the gun rack — Tyson testified on Day 2 that officers left guns in a gun rack while collecting handcuffs and leg irons. He said they thought the guns probably could be evidentiary but left them given the scope of their work.

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Firearms, a vacuum cleaner, and bedding that Lenk believed the team was asked to collect — Lenk testified on Day 7 that he believed his team had been asked to return to Avery's trailer to collect firearms, a vacuum cleaner, and bedding from the spare bedroom. He identified Deputy Kucharski as responsible for seizing evidence that day.

five Daisy Fuentes rivets, a zipper, and eyelets recovered from debris — The described debris items included five Daisy Fuentes rivets, a zipper, and eyelets. Wiegert recalled YKK initials on the zipper and said it matched features of jeans brought into court, while the questioning addressed whether a common zipper could be linked to a particular garment.

Flash memory on the PDA's main circuit board — Thomas testified on Day 14 that the PDA stored information in flash memory on its main circuit board, not on a separate flash card. He said no effort had been made to retrieve that data, so he could not determine whether the PDA contained appointments.

Four burn barrels behind Barb Janda's residence and a separate burn barrel shown in Exhibit 37 — Fassbender said dogs had alerted on barrels. He separately identified the burn barrel depicted in Exhibit 37, located north of Avery's residence, and testified that the whole barrel was seized.

Four burn barrels behind Barb Janda's trailer — Remiker testified on Day 8 that a team was told about four burn barrels behind Barb Janda's trailer and wanted to place them in an enclosed trailer. He said he called for the barrels to be numbered and photographed in position before they were moved.

Four burn barrels near the blue trailer — Cramer testified on Day 5 that Brutus went behind a blue trailer east of Avery's garage and alerted in an area containing four burn barrels.

Four burn barrels, two of which Brutus alerted on — Cramer confirmed on Day 5 that Brutus alerted on two of the four burn barrels. She agreed that the alerts involved extreme animation and excitement.

Fragmented, badly burned skull bones examined by Jentzen — Jentzen examined bone fragments that Eisenberg had identified as parietal and occipital skull fragments, though he said he could not confidently assign their precise skull positions himself. He confirmed that the fragments were badly burned and had fallen apart.

Garage bullet and DNA attributed to Teresa Halbach — In Day 24 rebuttal, Kratz argued that a bullet found in the garage carried Teresa Halbach's DNA. He cited it with other garage evidence while expressly presenting the proposed location of her death as an inference in the State's theory.

Garage bullet and spent .22 casings — In his Day 1 opening statement, Strang said searchers collected spent .22 casings from the garage in November but did not then find the bullets he said were discovered months later. His account was an opening argument about the timing of those discoveries.

Garage bullet fragment FL and shell casings — In Day 23 closing argument, Buting distinguished Item FL, found under an air compressor, from another garage bullet and the spent casings. He challenged the significance of the firearm comparisons and the reported DNA result on Item FL, including the contaminated-control issue.

Garage luminol reaction — In Day 24 rebuttal, Kratz described a garage-floor area that reacted to luminol and asked for an inference that Avery had cleaned it with bleach. He presented the proposed cleanup as part of the State's account.

Garage-floor area tested with luminol and phenolphthalein — Ertl testified on Day 6 that an approximately three-by-four-foot garage-floor area gave a faint luminol reaction. He said subsequent phenolphthalein testing of that area produced no blood reaction.

Garage-floor evidence discussed in connection with the search for stains, casings, and a bullet — Kucharski agreed on Day 9 that the garage search included looking for casings, bullets, and small floor bloodstains. He said none of the four searchers found a bullet or bullet fragment during that search.

Garage-floor luminol reaction and subsequent testing that found no blood — In Day 9 closing argument, Fallon described a garage-floor luminol reaction and acknowledged that later testing found no blood. He argued that the reaction indicated bleach used in a cleanup.

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Green or blue RAV4 found without a rear registration plate and partly covered by branches and other objects — Orth testified on Day 4 that the green or blue RAV4 lacked a rear registration plate and had branches and other objects around it; he viewed their placement as an attempt to conceal it. He said it appeared unoccupied, and later described seeing a memory card bearing Teresa's name while Remiker reported a VIN match.

green, medium-size SUV — Leurquin testified on Day 19 that he saw a green, medium-size SUV. He could not identify its driver or say that it was the vehicle authorities were seeking.

Hair recovered from the trailer, carpet cleaner, and vacuum — Wiegert discussed hair recovered from Avery's trailer and the collected carpet cleaner and vacuum during Day 6 cross-examination. He said he had not specifically requested comparison with Teresa's known samples and explained that the cleaners contained very large numbers of hairs.

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Hairs tested in the earlier exoneration work — Culhane testified on Day 11 that microscopic comparison of the earlier pubic-hair samples had been inconclusive. In later testing, she extracted 11 hairs, obtained cellular material from two, and developed a profile from one hair that she said contributed to Avery's exoneration and matched Gregory Allen in a databank.

hand irons and leg irons — During Day 9 procedural argument, counsel said hand irons and leg irons had been introduced as exhibits, while the defense argued that their presence did not show they were used as alleged. The court cited the restraints in its corroboration analysis and denied the renewed dismissal motion.

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Hand-shaped marking on the RAV4 tire cover — Riddle testified on Day 7 that the marking looked like a whole handprint but was a clean area where dirt had been removed from the RAV4's tire cover. He said his attempt to develop a print produced no ridge detail suitable for comparison.

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Handcuffs and other restraints discussed on cross-examination — During Day 6 cross-examination, Wiegert confirmed that handcuffs and longer restraints had been taken from Avery's place. Asked about Brendan's account of undoing restraints, he said Brendan's fingerprints and DNA had not been found on them.

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Handcuffs Wiegert said investigators found after Brendan described restraints — On Day 6 redirect, Wiegert said Brendan had described handcuffs among the restraints and that investigators found handcuffs. He listed that finding among several physical details he considered consistent with Brendan's statement.

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headboard — During Day 2 cross-examination, Kenneth Olson said he found fibers on the headboard, including cotton fibers, but the fibers were not consistent with rope fibers.

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Headboard represented to Riddle as coming from Steven Avery’s residence — During Day 18 direct examination, Michael Riddle said the headboard was represented to him as coming from Steven Avery's residence. He believed it bore Avery's right little fingerprint and reported no other fingerprint identification from it.

Hood and cardboard box removed from against the RAV4 — During Day 2 cross-examination, John Ertl said the hood and cardboard box were removed from against the RAV4 one at a time. He thought they might hold fingerprints and said they were to be examined at the lab, not at the scene.

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Hood swab Fallon said yielded Steven Avery's DNA — During Day 9 rebuttal closing, Attorney Fallon said investigators swabbed the hood and found Steven Avery's DNA there. His statement was an argument, not new testimony.

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Hood-latch DNA result — During Day 23 closing argument, Attorney Buting addressed Avery's DNA on the hood latch and argued that an examiner could have transferred DNA after working inside the RAV4 without changing gloves.

Implements described in the defendant's statement and introduced as evidence — During Day 6 procedural discussion, the court said some implements described in the defendant's videotaped statement had also been introduced as physical evidence. The court relied on them in denying a motion to dismiss Count 2.

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Inner sealed package and buccal swabs that the State said were inside the outer envelope; the package was not opened during this hearing — During Day 11 procedural discussion, Attorney Gahn said a sealed inner package containing buccal swabs was inside the outer envelope and proposed showing that the swabs had not been reopened or used on a key or hood latch. The supplied discussion does not establish that the inner package was opened at the hearing.

item bearing Teresa's name, later described to Orth as a digital camera card — During Day 4 cross-examination, Jason Orth said he saw the name Teresa through the vehicle's rear window. His report described a small piece of paper, and he said he learned it was some type of digital camera card only after reviewing another detective's report.

Item GI — On Day 15, Kenneth Olson testified that he examined the headboard spindles for possible rope fibers and found none.

Item W — On Day 11, Sherry Culhane described opening and resealing the inner Item W envelope during sampling. She said one swab appeared to remain inside and the envelope markings did not tell her when she sealed it.

Jacket and jeans, IJ and IK — During Day 3 cross-examination, Sherry Culhane said both the jacket and jeans tested negative for blood. She said she did not pursue other possible DNA on either garment.

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Jeans — During Day 3 recross-examination, Sherry Culhane said a small brownish stain on the bottom leg tested negative for blood. She did not swab other areas of the jeans and acknowledged seeing white specks and a light brushed area that appeared to be bleach.

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Jeans with bleach marks — During Day 7 redirect examination, Brendan Dassey said he thought he had wiped his hands on the jeans and noticed bleach on them when he got home that night.

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Jugs containing black oil — During Day 18 redirect examination, Rodney Pevytoe said he encountered a couple of jugs containing black oil but did not know whether the oil played any part in the fire.

Karen Halbach's buccal-swab DNA sample — During Day 13 direct examination, Karen Halbach testified that investigators asked her to provide a biological sample by buccal swab and that she did so.

knives collected from Steven Avery's house — During Day 9 closing argument, Attorney Fremgen said knives collected from Steven Avery's house were checked for blood, with none found, and were not then tested for DNA. These were claims made in argument.

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Knives examined for blood — During Day 3 cross-examination, Sherry Culhane said she examined the knives visually and randomly swabbed some blades for blood when no stain was visible. She said she stopped after finding no blood rather than testing for a DNA profile.

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KQ — KQ was a charred cranial fragment with a defect that Kenneth Olson described as consistent with a high-speed projectile. He detected elemental lead in examined areas around the defect but not in the comparison areas he examined, and said the lead could have come from a bullet.

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Lanyard Katie bought Teresa — During Day 10 cross-examination, Katie Halbach said she had seen Teresa use the lanyard. She did not know whether it held other keys or where Teresa carried her keys.

Larger bone fragments recovered from one examined burn barrel — During Day 18 direct examination, Rodney Pevytoe said bone fragments recovered from one examined burn barrel were larger than the highly fragmented pieces he found in burn-pit debris.

Latent print from a headboard Riddle was told came from Mr. Avery's bedroom — During Day 18 cross-examination, Michael Riddle confirmed a fingerprint identification matching Steven Avery on a headboard he was told came from Avery's bedroom. He agreed that finding an occupant's print on such a headboard would be expected.

License plate recovered from the burn-barrel search — During Day 2 cross-examination, John Ertl said a fingerprint analyst examined the license plate but did not process it at the scene. Ertl said he packaged and turned it over to Calumet County and did not know whether it later reached the Crime Lab.

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license plates — During Day 3 redirect examination, Sherry Culhane agreed that whether touching license plates leaves recoverable DNA depends on factors including how much DNA is shed and its condition. Her answer assumed contact with bare skin.

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Material sifted from the burn pit ash pile — During Day 6 cross-examination, John Ertl said sifting was restricted to a roughly four-by-five-foot ash pile. He said material collected from that area was placed together in a box without identifying the position of each suspected bone fragment.

Materials sifted from the burn pit and turned over to Calumet County evidence technicians, including items Ertl described as possibly metallic — During Day 6 direct examination, John Ertl described sifting burn-pit material through screens and giving recovered items to Calumet County evidence technicians. He recalled metallic items that might have included zipper pulls, snaps, or rivets, but did not identify each item specifically.

Mattress and box spring in Mr. Avery's bedroom — During Day 6 recross-examination, John Ertl said there was a mattress and box spring in Avery's bedroom and that he saw no bloodstain on the mattress. He did not recall evidence that a mattress had been burned.

Outer shipping envelope for the buccal swabs, with a previously opened edge and scotch tape observed by the defense and court — During Day 11 procedural discussion, Attorney Buting described a previously opened edge and tape on the outer envelope, and the judge said he saw a piece of scotch tape. Buting acknowledged that he did not know what was inside, and the judge distinguished the outer envelope from the inner package said to contain the swabs.

Oxidized tire wire containing fragments Pevytoe identified as bone — During Day 4 direct examination, Rodney Pevytoe described a heavily oxidized mass of wire consistent with the remains of burned steel-belted tires. He said white fragments he identified as bone were entwined deep within it and required him to pull the wire apart to retrieve them.

Dassey1 mention

Pair of woman's gloves found in a paper bag underneath a desk — On Day 8, James Lenk testified that a pair of woman's gloves was found in a paper bag beneath a desk during a trailer search on November 9.

Palm print from the RAV4's side rear — Riddle described a palm print on a rear quarter panel of the RAV4, near the back door. He said his comparison with Brendan Dassey's known print did not produce a match.

Dassey1 mention

Pants Wiegert said Brendan turned over after describing bleach stains — On redirect, Mark Wiegert said Brendan Dassey described bleach stains on his pants as resulting from cleaning blood in the garage and then turned over the pants. Wiegert cited them among findings he believed were consistent with Dassey's account.

Dassey1 mention

Photo memory card visible through the RAV4's back window, with Teresa's name written on it — Jason Orth testified that he saw the card through the RAV4's back window while he and Detective Remiker were trying to identify the vehicle. Orth said Remiker then reported that the vehicle identification number matched.

Pieces of bone discovered in a burn area behind the garage next to Steven Avery's residence — Thomas Fassbender testified on Day 5 that pieces of bone were discovered in a burn area south of the garage next to Steven Avery's residence. He said the crime lab was asked to help process the area.

Plastic bag Blaine said Steven Avery threw into the burning barrel; Blaine could not describe its type or size — Blaine Dassey testified that he saw Steven Avery throw a plastic bag into a burning barrel. Blaine could not describe the bag's type or size, and he did not know what was being burned.

Police scanner — During recross, James Lenk agreed that people could possess police scanners lawfully. He also agreed that a scanner could be used to learn of road wrecks in connection with a salvage business.

Prints from items inside the RAV4, including a granola wrapper, Aquafina bottles, and a black CD case — Michael Riddle described suitable prints from a granola wrapper, Aquafina bottles and a black plastic CD case inside the RAV4. He testified that none of the compared prints from those items matched Brendan Dassey's known prints.

Dassey1 mention

Q-46 — On Day 20, Janine Arvizu confirmed that no EDTA was detected in Q-46, an extract from a dashboard bloodstain in the RAV4.

Q-46, Q-47 and Q-48 RAV4 bloodstain samples — Janine Arvizu testified that an EDTA non-detection in samples Q-46, Q-47 and Q-48 did not necessarily mean the samples contained no EDTA. She said she could not conclude from those results that the stains could not have come from Avery's blood tube.

Q-46, Q-47, and Q-48 RAV4 bloodstain swabs, and three additional untested RAV4 swabs — Janine Arvizu discussed EDTA non-detection in the three tested RAV4 bloodstain swabs and said the results left the blood tube as a possible source. She said testing would be needed to determine the contents of three additional RAV4 swabs.

Q-47 — On Day 20, Janine Arvizu confirmed that no EDTA was detected in Q-47, an extract from a bloodstain on the RAV4's rear passenger door.

Q-48 — On Day 20, Janine Arvizu confirmed that no EDTA was detected in Q-48 in either positive or negative ion mode.

Quarry bone fragments of undetermined origin — The prosecutor argued on Day 24 that the quarry fragments had been described as possibly human but had not been identified as human. He said testing could not resolve their origin because of their condition.

Rake and shovel — On recross, Mark Wiegert said Dassey had reported taking the rake and shovel out of the garage. Wiegert did not know whether Dassey had seen them earlier and accepted that he could have had prior knowledge of them.

Dassey1 mention

Rake and shovel Wiegert said were found by the fire — On redirect, Mark Wiegert said Brendan Dassey had described taking a rake and shovel from the garage to tend a fire. Wiegert testified that the tools were found by the fire.

Dassey1 mention

RAV 4 cargo-area bloodstains and hair-transfer pattern — Nick Stahlke described a cargo-area contact pattern as indicative of bloody head hair. He said the other stains he examined in that area did not establish where on a body their blood originated.

Dassey1 mention

RAV 4 ignition-switch and rear-door stains — During cross-examination, Nick Stahlke said comparing the stain near the ignition switch with one on the inside rear-door panel did not allow him to establish a timeline for them.

Dassey1 mention

RAV4 and items inside it examined for fingerprints, including a granola-bar wrapper, water bottles, and a CD case — Michael Riddle described fingerprint processing of the RAV4 and items recovered from it, including water bottles and a CD case. He confirmed that usable vehicle prints did not match Avery's standard and said he had not compared them with standards from Lenk or Colborn.

RAV4 battery cables and battery-post discoloration — Nick Stahlke testified that one or both RAV4 battery cables were disconnected and that a key could not start the vehicle unless the cables were reconnected. He said a reddish discoloration near a battery post did not yield a positive preliminary blood-test result.

RAV4 blood swabbings — Sherry Culhane testified that blood swabbings from the RAV4 yielded complete DNA profiles for Steven Avery and Teresa Halbach. She identified Halbach's profile with bloodstains in the rear cargo area.

Dassey1 mention

RAV4 bloodstain swabs A-8, A-10, and A-12 and their control swabs — During Day 17 procedural discussion, the State identified A-8 as a dashboard swab, A-10 as a CD-case swab and A-12 as a rear passenger-door-entry swab. The State reported that halves of the FBI-tested swabs and their controls had been preserved and that returned halves were held by the Calumet County Sheriff's Department.

RAV4 bloodstains and photographs — Defense counsel pointed to photographs taken before swabbing and argued that the visible RAV4 bloodstains were small. He placed those observations alongside his argument about possible access to stored blood.

RAV4 bloodstains attributed to Avery — In closing argument, defense counsel accepted the identification of Avery's blood in the RAV4 but questioned how it got there. He contrasted the bloodstains with vehicle fingerprints that had not been identified as Avery's and presented planting as a defense theory.

RAV4 examined for prints — Michael Riddle testified that he examined the RAV4 for prints entirely at the crime lab. He said exterior prints were powdered and photographed, while selected interior items were processed separately.

Dassey1 mention

RAV4 fingerprints — Defense counsel argued that prints recovered from the RAV4, including prints from inside the vehicle, did not match Brendan Dassey's known prints. He cited that result as part of his broader argument about evidence he said did not identify Dassey.

Dassey1 mention

RAV4 interior items examined for prints, including Aquafina bottles, a granola wrapper, and a compact disc case — Michael Riddle testified that he processed Aquafina bottles, a granola wrapper and a black CD case from inside the RAV4 for latent prints. He reported no identifications from the compared prints on those listed items.

RAV4 license plates Ertl's team collected from another vehicle after being told a searcher had found them — John Ertl testified that his team was directed to a wrecked vehicle after a searcher found folded or rolled plates inside it. Ertl said the searcher read a plate number matching the RAV4, after which Ertl's team photographed and examined the vehicle and collected the plates.

RAV4 passenger-compartment bloodstains — During Day 12 cross-examination, Stahlke estimated that one to two milliliters of blood produced the passenger-compartment stains. He described the amount as a guess and confirmed that it excluded blood in the rear cargo area.

RAV4 swabs, including rear-area sample A23 — During Day 3 cross-examination, Culhane said rear-area swab A23 tested presumptively positive for blood, but its partial DNA profile was too limited for a comparison conclusion. She said none of the RAV4 samples that yielded a usable profile were consistent with Brendan Dassey's profile.

Dassey1 mention

recovered bone fragments and human remains — At the Day 22 charge conference, the defense argued that the methods used to recover bone fragments might have destroyed or missed human remains and limited conclusions about where the body was burned. The court denied the requested spoliation instruction, finding no evidence of intentional destruction or bad-faith conduct warranting it.

Recovered bullet or bullet fragment discussed in connection with the victim's biological material; Jentzen referred to information about blood, while Strang distinguished prior DNA testimony — During Day 15 cross-examination, Jentzen referred to information that a recovered bullet contained the victim's blood, while Strang distinguished earlier testimony about DNA on a bullet fragment. Jentzen acknowledged that blood or DNA could have been left on a bullet passing through the skull of a person who had already died, provided the remains were not skeletal.

Recovered RAV4 and Steven Avery DNA profile from its hood latch — In Day 9 closing argument, Fallon said investigators swabbed the RAV4 hood after Dassey's statement and obtained a DNA profile of Steven Avery. He used the finding to argue that Dassey's account of Avery opening the hood was credible.

Dassey1 mention

Red tool chest swabbed in the garage — During Day 2 cross-examination, Heimerl said the red tool chest at the back of the garage was swabbed. He distinguished that collection from the bullet and creeper, which his team had not swabbed in the garage.

Dassey1 mention

Reddish gravel staining and two small pieces of material that appeared flesh-like and tested presumptively positive for blood; Ertl did not know whether the material was human or animal — During Day 6 testimony, Ertl described reddish staining on gravel and two small pieces of material that looked flesh-like; each tested presumptively positive for blood. He said the material's human or animal origin was unknown and that further excavation found nothing more.

Rifle examined and test-fired by Newhouse — During Day 2 cross-examination, Newhouse confirmed an identification of bullet FL with the rifle he examined, but not of bullet FK. He said his examination could not establish who fired the rifle.

Dassey1 mention

Seized headboard examined for marks consistent with restraints around its spindles — During Day 7 cross-examination, Tyson said he had examined the seized headboard and saw no marks around its spindles consistent with restraints secured there.

Separate hallway and bedroom carpet samples examined for possible blood — During Day 7 cross-examination, Tyson described separate hallway and bedroom carpet samples. He reported no blood-like pattern on the hallway sample and nothing consistent with blood on the tested back of the bedroom sample.

Sifted burn-barrel contents, including apparent electronic components and battery remnants recovered from a fifth barrel — During Day 6 testimony, Ertl described sifting burn-barrel contents and collecting material from the barrels examined. From a fifth barrel, he described apparent electronic components, including small circuit boards bearing a Motorola emblem, and what looked like battery remnants.

sifted burn-pit material retained on a tarp — During Day 13 cross-examination, Sturdivant said material that passed through the sifting screens fell onto a tarp. He said the tarp material was retained for possible re-examination, but he did not know where it ultimately went.

Steven Avery's blood in a purple-topped tube, used as a positive control — During Day 16 testimony, LeBeau identified Avery's blood sample as coming from a purple-topped tube containing EDTA. He said the sample tested positive for EDTA when run as a positive control, while the three RAV4 bloodstain swabs tested did not.

Steven Avery's buccal swabs — During Day 11 redirect examination, Culhane said she had used a buccal swab from Steven Avery as the 2003 comparison standard. She said she had not had a vial of his blood in her laboratory.

Suspected bone and tooth fragments recovered from burn pit material — During Day 18 testimony, Pevytoe described re-examining charred material previously removed from the burn pit and finding numerous suspected bone fragments and what he believed was part of a tooth. He also described suspected bone fragments in the pit and fragments entangled in tire wire nearby.

suspected bone fragments near and within the burn pit — During Day 13 cross-examination, Sturdivant placed the first suspected fragment he saw on unburned grass south of the burn pit. He said most fragments he concentrated on were within the pit, with some intertwined in steel-belted tire wire, and did not know whether other officers collected fragments elsewhere.

Suspected bone material from one examined barrel, generally larger than the burn-pit fragments Pevytoe saw — During Day 18 cross-examination, Pevytoe recalled suspected bone material in one of the barrels he examined but could not identify that barrel as one from behind the Janda house. He described the few barrel pieces as noticeably larger, in general, than the many small fragments he saw from the burn pit, while acknowledging variation in size.

SUV — During Day 6 redirect examination, Ertl said he was asked to expedite laboratory work on the SUV and wanted it enclosed for transport. He described taking control of the vehicle and transporting it with another analyst.

Tag 7964 — On Day 13, Leslie Eisenberg testified that Janda Burn Barrel No. 2 contained both human and nonhuman bone. She said she identified the human bone to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty.

Tag 7964, material from Janda burn barrel number two — During Day 14 cross-examination about barrel material, Eisenberg described an odor of flammable liquid when she opened its container. She could not determine which contents produced the odor or attribute it specifically to human bone.

Tag 8318 — On Day 13, Eisenberg identified Tag 8318 as the box of material initially brought for her examination and understood it to have come from sifted burn-pit material. She qualified a question about which container held the largest bulk because she examined many containers.

Teresa Halbach's 2002 pap smear used as a DNA standard — During Day 3 testimony, the parties confirmed a stipulation that a 2002 pap smear from Teresa Halbach had been retrieved and taken to the crime lab as a DNA standard. Culhane said she developed a DNA profile from the sample.

Dassey1 mention

Teresa Halbach's blood and bloody-hair stain in the RAV4 — During Day 24 closing argument, Strang pointed to Teresa Halbach's blood and a bloody-hair stain in the RAV4. He argued that their presence suggested the vehicle had been used to transport her, contrary to the State's account of where she was killed and burned.

Teresa Halbach's license plates — In the Day 1 opening statement, Kratz said the evidence would show that both license plates had been removed from Halbach's vehicle and that her crumpled plates were found in a station wagon on the salvage property.

Teresa Halbach's Toyota and the blood information discussed in counsel's arguments — During Day 10 procedural argument, Strang said investigators' testimony indicated they knew of the Toyota's discovery but not of blood inside it when they sought a search warrant. Fallon disputed the defense's renewed suppression arguments and said later blood-test information supported continued searches.

Teresa's keys and keychain — During Day 1 cross-examination, Michael Daniel Halbach recalled that Teresa had a house key and said he did not think she had keys to other cars or many decorative items on her keychain. He could not recall precisely how she accessed the gym, and his answers left some details of her keys and belongings uncertain.

The locked RAV4, surrounding items examined at the salvage yard, and its transport in a covered trailer to the Madison crime laboratory — During Day 6 testimony, Ertl described the locked RAV4 among older vehicles, with branches, a hood, plywood, and other items around it. He said he examined surrounding items, viewed the interior only through the windows, and deferred vehicle processing because of threatening weather before arranging transport in a covered trailer.

The vehicle's transport to Madison for inspection, as the judge recalled the State's asserted fact — During a Day 23 objection to the State’s use of “uncontested facts,” the judge said he recalled the disputed assertion as involving a vehicle being transported to Madison for inspection.

Thin plastic film removed from a headboard spindle and identified as polypropylene — Olson testified on Day 2 that he removed a thin film from a headboard spindle and identified it as polypropylene, a material with several uses, including rope manufacturing.

Dassey1 mention

Three RAV4 swabs reported collected near the ignition, from a door-panel area, and from a CD case — LeBeau said the three swabs were reported collected near the RAV4’s ignition, from a door-panel area, and from a CD case. He testified that Avery’s blood tube tested positive for EDTA, while none of the three bloodstained swabs did.

Three vehicle items compared with Brendan Dassey's known fingerprint sample — Riddle confirmed on Day 7 that the prints on the three vehicle items did not match Brendan Dassey’s known fingerprint sample. He said he could not describe Dassey’s hand characteristics without examining his hands.

Dassey1 mention

Toyota cargo-area bloodstains and Sherry Culhane's testimony about them, as cited by the defense — In a Day 19 motion for judgment of acquittal, defense counsel said the Toyota’s rear cargo-area stains could be understood as Teresa Halbach’s blood, citing Culhane’s testimony. Counsel argued that the stains did not establish that Halbach was alive when she was in the vehicle.

Two bullet fragments found in the garage, including one Wiegert said was found beneath an air compressor and had Teresa Halbach's DNA — Wiegert testified on Day 6 that a garage search found two bullet fragments. He said the fragment beneath an air compressor had Teresa Halbach’s DNA and that a weapons specialist attributed it to the .22 rifle found in Avery’s bedroom.

Dassey1 mention

two bullet fragments from Mr. Avery's garage — In the State’s Day 1 opening statement, counsel previewed two bullet fragments found during a later search of Avery’s garage and said one carried Teresa Halbach’s DNA.

Two bullets found in Steven Avery's garage, including one on which the State said Teresa Halbach's DNA was found — State counsel said a March garage search found two bullets, one nearer the front of the garage and one behind a compressor. Counsel said testing found Teresa Halbach’s DNA on the bullet behind the compressor.

Dassey1 mention

Two bullets recovered from the garage, one of which Wiegert said contained Teresa Halbach's DNA — The two garage bullets were identified in connection with Wiegert’s Day 5 direct testimony about findings from the garage search.

Dassey1 mention

Two creepers, GG and GH — Culhane testified on Day 3 that GG and GH designated two different creepers. She said the brownish stains she checked gave negative presumptive tests for blood on both.

Dassey1 mention

Two firearms in a rack above the bed, which Lenk believed were a .22 and a muzzleloader — Lenk testified on Day 7 that he saw two firearms in a rack above the bed during an initial trailer search. He believed one was a .22 and the other was a muzzleloader.

Two license plates found in a salvaged vehicle and identified by Fassbender as Teresa's — Fassbender testified on Day 5 that searchers found two license plates in a salvaged vehicle during a more detailed search of the yard. He said they turned out to be plates for Teresa Halbach’s vehicle.

Two rifles, a vacuum cleaner, a carpet cleaner, and bedding sought during a return to Steven Avery's trailer — Fassbender testified on Day 5 that searchers returned to Avery’s trailer to retrieve two rifles, a vacuum cleaner, a carpet cleaner, and bedding after those items had been noted during an earlier search.

Two water bottles, a CD case, and a granola wrapper bearing identifiable prints — Riddle confirmed on Day 7 that identifiable prints were found on two water bottles, a CD case, and a granola wrapper inventoried from the RAV4. He said he had no Teresa Halbach exemplars for comparison with those prints.

Dassey1 mention

Unidentified fingerprints on the RAV4 — In Day 23 closing argument, Buting said eight fingerprints on the RAV4 remained unidentified, including prints at the rear cargo door and hood. He contrasted those prints with the absence of Avery’s fingerprints in the vehicle.

van seat and steel-belted tire wire — Pevytoe testified on Day 4 that he found no bone in the van seat but found multiple small pieces entwined in a mass of steel-belted tire wire. He said the seat and wire had remained in the burn pit while some loose ash was removed.

Dassey1 mention

Vehicle Leurquin saw leaving the Avery property — Leurquin testified on Day 19 that the vehicle he saw leaving the Avery property looked similar to the one later shown on television as Teresa Halbach’s. He could not identify it with certainty as her vehicle.

vial of blood — During a Day 18 discussion outside the jury’s presence, counsel said Wiegert’s upcoming testimony would include the packaging of a vial of blood. The discussion concerned the agreed order of witnesses.

Vial of Steven Avery's blood raised in counsel's questions; Lenk said he had not seen one in Manitowoc County possession or in the clerk's office — Lenk testified on Day 8 that he had not seen a vial of Steven Avery’s blood in Manitowoc County possession or in the clerk’s office. He also said he had not known of such a vial there before November 5.

Weapons, key, shell casings, and blood spatter identified by State counsel while opposing suppression — During Day 10 argument opposing a renewed suppression motion, State counsel identified weapons, a key, shell casings, and blood spatter while discussing searches of the trailer and garage. Counsel argued that the searches provided no basis to suppress those findings.

Photographs (250)

Exhibit 86 — Exhibit 86 is an aerial photograph of the Avery property viewed from the north. Witnesses used it to identify locations around the salvage yard, and counsel agreed that the aerial photographs discussed were taken after the RAV4 had been removed.

Avery12 mentions

Photograph of the burn area behind Steven Avery's garage — In Avery's trial, witnesses used Exhibit 50 to identify the burn pit, a nearby dog, and the area where gray material was excavated and sifted. In Dassey's trial, Ertl identified Exhibit 132 as a view of the burn area showing a car-seat frame, a tire, tools, and ground flags; the court received it without objection.

AveryDassey7 mentions

Exhibit 25 — The court admitted the aerial photograph without objection during Curtis Drumm's Day 2 testimony. Pamela Sturm used it to point out the ridge near a pond where she recalled discovering the vehicle, and Blaine Dassey used it to identify the Janda trailer. The parties acknowledged that the photograph was taken after the vehicle was removed from the property, but its exact date was not established in the supplied discussion.

Avery5 mentions

Exhibit 5 — Exhibit 5 shows Teresa Halbach standing outside the driver’s side of her Toyota RAV4, and Thomas Pearce testified that he took the photograph. The court admitted it with Exhibits 1 through 10 without objection.

Avery5 mentions

Photograph of Steven Avery's cut right middle finger — Tyson testified that he took the photograph during Avery's physical examination; it shows a cut on Avery's right middle finger with a measurement scale. Johnson said the pictured cut resembled a gash he remembered seeing, but he qualified his recollection of when he saw it.

AveryDassey5 mentions

Photograph showing Steven Avery's trailer, garage, and burn barrel — In the Avery trial, Bobby Dassey identified the trailer, garage, truck, and burn barrel shown in Exhibit 37. Johnson testified that the pictured barrel looked like his and appeared to be where he had last seen it. In the Dassey trial, Heimerl used Exhibit 67 to point out the trailer, detached garage, gravel roadway, and barrel.

AveryDassey5 mentions

Exhibit 169 — Exhibit 169 shows the burn-pit area, including a mass of wire, a tire, and a burned seat. Sturdivant also pointed to what he believed was a bone fragment intertwined with the wire; the court received the exhibit on Day 3.

Dassey4 mentions

Exhibit 210 — Exhibit 210 shows a key on the bedroom floor near slippers and a cabinet. Lenk said the view matched what he saw when he returned to the room, and Kucharski said the photograph showed the key as it looked when he first saw it.

Avery4 mentions

Exhibit 51 — Exhibit 51 shows a steel burn barrel near Steven Avery's trailer and the nearby driveway. Siders used a closer view to estimate that ash and other material filled roughly two-thirds of the barrel, while Johnson said the pictured barrel could be his but could not identify it definitively.

Avery4 mentions

Photograph of Barb Janda's answering machine — The photograph depicts the phone and digital answering machine in Barb Janda's residence. Witnesses described finding the machine during a search and playing and recording messages from it.

AveryDassey4 mentions

Exhibit 143 — Exhibit 143 shows the tarp-covered RAV4 with a pond in the foreground; Fassbender agreed that the vehicle itself could not be seen. Counsel compared the photograph's displayed 4:16 p.m. timestamp with Ertl's account, and Ertl said he did not know exactly when he reached the vehicle.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 145 — Exhibit 145 was marked for identification on Day 5, but Fassbender said he had not personally seen what the image depicted. Johnson later recognized the smelter in the photograph and said its visible condition gave him no basis to date its use.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 156 — Exhibit 156 shows the inside of a burn barrel. Ertl said it looked like the fifth barrel and noted shapes resembling circuit boards, but said he could not identify the photographed items. Siders said the photograph looked similar to the barrel's interior when he lifted out a rim.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 169 — Exhibit 169 shows a cabinet or bookcase with its back panel pulled away. Tyson identified it as a photograph of the panel he observed on December 9, while Lenk said the photograph looked like the cabinet did on November 8, although it was taken on a different day.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 217, a photograph of a scanner on Avery's living-room bar, was received. — Lenk said the black object in the photograph looked like a scanner when Exhibit 217 was shown during Day 8 testimony. The court received the photograph on Day 10 after it was offered without objection.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 289 — Exhibit 289 shows the exterior of the RAV4 from the driver's side at the Madison crime laboratory. Riddle used the side view while identifying locations of latent lifts on the vehicle, including its passenger-side windows and hood.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 300 — Exhibit 300 gives an overall view of the RAV4's rear cargo area. Groffy described what was visible there when he photographed it, Riddle identified a compact flash card in the image, and Stahlke discussed measurements of the cargo area while viewing it.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 308 — Exhibit 308 shows the RAV4's rear spare-wheel cover and part of the cargo gate. Groffy described marks that looked like handprints, while Riddle said the wheel-cover marks were areas where grime had been removed and had no ridge detail; he also identified a scale marking a fingerprint location elsewhere in the photograph.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 33 — Exhibit 33 shows the driver's-side area of the RAV4 with a red vehicle nearby. Sturm used the photograph to discuss window tint and glare, and Hermann used the red vehicle visible in it to help describe where the RAV4 was parked.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 52 — Exhibit 52 is Colborn's photograph of four burn barrels during their recovery, with Remiker and tarps visible. Dassey identified the pictured barrels as his mother's barrels behind her garage, though he was unsure whether there had been three. Remiker said the barrels were photographed before they were moved.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 70 — On Day 3, Bobby Dassey said he had not seen the crushed cars, and the court excepted Exhibit 70 from its admission ruling for lack of foundation. On Day 8, Dave Remiker identified the photograph as showing crushed vehicles near the car crusher as they appeared on November 5, and the court admitted it.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 81 — Brett Bowe identified Exhibit 81 as an aerial view of the Avery property from the northeast, and the court admitted it on Day 4. Lisa Buchner later used it to indicate where she recalled seeing a woman taking photographs and where nearby vehicles were located. Mark Wiegert used it to discuss the intersection and two vehicles he said Halbach had photographed.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 85 — Brett Bowe identified the photograph as an aerial view from the south showing the entire Avery salvage property, and the court admitted it on Day 4. It was displayed during questions about security points, and David Siders later used it to locate the open field his team searched north of the property.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 9 — Michael Halbach identified Exhibit 9 as the box for the Canon PowerShot A310 that Teresa used for her Auto Trader job, and the court admitted it on Day 1. During Angela Schuster's testimony, Exhibit 9 was used to refresh her recollection of the camera provided to Halbach. Curtis Thomas later identified it as the type of box that would contain the undamaged camera components he described.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit #1 — Michael Halbach identified Exhibit #1 as a photograph of his sister Teresa and estimated that it was taken in 2005. Katie Halbach also identified Teresa in the photograph.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 107 — Exhibit 107 shows a Black Jack roller creeper that Heimerl said was found near the rear of Steven Avery’s garage. Riddle later said he had not been provided with the creeper and could not say whether it bore usable prints.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 11–16 — Exhibits 11 through 16 are six photographs from Teresa Halbach’s earlier visits to the Avery property. Schuster identified images dated June 20, September 19, and October 10, 2005, and the court admitted the group without objection.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 118 — Exhibit 118 shows the RAV4 with a large tarp partly over it. Fassbender could not tell from the photograph whether the tarp was being put on or taken off.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 125 — Kucharski identified Exhibit 125 as a photograph of .22 long-rifle ammunition collected from Steven Avery’s bedroom. When questioned about the pictured ammunition box, he said its exterior had not been preserved for fingerprint evidence.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 139 — Brandes identified the station wagon in Exhibit 139 as the one in which he found the license plates. During cross-examination, he also identified a barbed-wire fence between the photographed area and a gravel road.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 140 — Brandes said Exhibit 140 shows the station wagon’s interior from near its passenger side, with a barbed-wire fence in view. He pointed to the back-seat area where he said the plates had lain.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 141 — Exhibit 141 was displayed as a photograph of Teresa Halbach’s RAV4. Riddle referred to it while discussing a print from the vehicle’s side that he could not match to Brendan Dassey.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 144 — Fassbender agreed that Exhibit 144 appeared to show the tarp after it was fully placed over the RAV4, although he noted that the tarp did not look blue in the photograph. He later said the photograph showed where the vehicle was tarped, not the vehicle itself.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 144 — Exhibit 144 shows the RAV4’s front passenger compartment. Stahlke identified contact-transfer stains on the front seat and plastic CD holder; Riddle identified interior items, including water bottles and a CD case, from which he obtained usable prints.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 150 — Exhibit 150 was used as a photograph to identify a bone fragment with attached charred tissue that Culhane sampled for examination. Eisenberg identified the depicted portion as burned human bone and said it was among fragments she transferred to the FBI for DNA analysis.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 158 — Exhibit 158 shows a car wheel at the edge of the burn barrel near Steven Avery’s trailer, with wires that Colborn believed were portions of a tire’s steel belt. The photograph was marked but not admitted during a Day 6 procedural discussion; the court received it during Colborn’s Day 7 testimony.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 168 — Sturdivant identified Exhibit 168 as an accurate view of the burn area behind Steven Avery’s garage when he first saw it. On cross-examination, he used the photograph to place a seat beside the burn pit and a pile of steel-belted wire.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 173 — Exhibit 173 shows a screwdriver and circular wire material in the burn-pit area; Sturdivant believed the wire was steel-belt wiring. On cross-examination, he said the screwdriver handle appeared sooty but he saw no indication in the photograph that it was burned.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 175 — Exhibit 175 provides a wider view of the burn pit and a seat to its right. Sturdivant said the seat was not on top of the debris pile, and the court later received the photograph.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 204 — Brendan Dassey identified himself, his uncle Steve, and his grandparents in Exhibit 204 and said the photograph was taken at the cabin in Crivitz. The court received the photograph during Day 4 testimony before it was shown to Dassey on Day 7.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 246 — Kucharski referred to Exhibit 246 as a photograph of .22 long-rifle ammunition. Johnson later identified the exhibit as a box of shells from a larger package but said he could not recall the appearance of the many shells he had bought.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 29 — Exhibit 29 shows the rear of the RAV4, including its rear door handle and visible RAV4 and Toyota lettering. Sturm said she had not checked that handle to see whether the door was locked.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 30 — Sturm used Exhibit 30 to identify a salvage part she pulled back with a tissue to reach a RAV4 door handle. She also described the rear and back windows as darkly tinted and affected by glare.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 31 — Sturm identified the vehicle in Exhibit 31 as the RAV4 she saw at the salvage yard. Cramer later used the displayed photograph while describing Brutus’s reported indication at a vehicle that looked like it.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 392 — Olson identified Exhibit 392 as showing the external surface of charred cranial fragment EJ and pointed out its defect. In earlier testimony about the displayed image, Eisenberg explained color marks on three refitted fragments, including marks denoting radiopaque particles detected by x-ray.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 404 — Exhibit 404 lays out burned electronic components for viewing. Thomas identified parts of a Motorola RAZR phone, a Canon PowerShot camera, and a Palm Zire PDA, and said the photograph appeared to show the electronic pieces he analyzed.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 429 — Olson identified Exhibit 429 as a photograph of the outer surface of cranial fragment KQ, which he described as having an entrance defect. He reported elemental lead at locations on KQ and, on cross-examination, discussed a difference between the photograph and an earlier x-ray.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 451, an image of the secured end of the blood-vial box — Exhibit 451 shows the taped end of the Styrofoam container that held a blood vial. Zigmunt agreed that the evidence-tape seal had been opened and the box reclosed with a small piece of Scotch tape.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 47 — Bobby Dassey used Exhibit 47 to point out a blackened burn area behind Steven Avery’s garage. Johnson later denied burning behind the garage and said he would not have left a shovel outside as shown in the photograph.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 82 — Exhibit 82 shows the headboard discussed in Dassey's trial. Riddle testified that he developed one print suitable for comparison and identified it as Steven Avery's; Culhane testified that she found no blood on the headboard or its swabs and did not extract the swabs.

Dassey2 mentions

Photograph of Julie Cramer and Brutus — Julie Cramer identified the Avery-trial photograph as a team picture of herself and Brutus, whom she described as certified in human-remains detection on land and water. In the Dassey trial, Thomas Fassbender identified Cramer and Brutus in the photograph while describing their search near the vehicle crusher and RAV4. The photograph was admitted in both trials.

AveryDassey2 mentions

Photographs of facial bone fragments — In the Avery trial, Leslie Eisenberg described one photograph as showing recognizable portions of the eye sockets, nasal bone, and cheekbones, and the other as a close-up of the forehead and nasal-bone area. In the Dassey trial, she used the photographs to explain how the shape of the bone above the left eye socket contributed to her conclusion that the remains she examined were female. The photographs were admitted in both trials.

AveryDassey2 mentions

103 — During Day 2 testimony, Heimerl described Exhibit 103 as a photograph of the setup used to examine burned debris at the Wisconsin State Crime Lab. He said investigators spread small amounts of material in thin layers for close visual examination.

Dassey1 mention

104 — Heimerl identified Exhibit 104 during Day 2 testimony as a close-up photograph of a clothing rivet bearing the name Daisy Fuentes. He discussed clothing rivets among the metal items found while burned debris was examined.

Dassey1 mention

105 — Heimerl described Exhibit 105 as a photograph of Steven Avery's garage after a cursory search on March 1, 2006. He said a vehicle had been removed before the photograph was taken and numbered markers indicated locations of some items found by then.

Dassey1 mention

106 — Heimerl identified Exhibit 106 during Day 2 testimony as a photograph of a plastic paint-thinner container on a workbench along the garage's south wall. He said paint thinner was among the items investigators were looking for during that search.

Dassey1 mention

108 — Heimerl described Exhibit 108 as a view from above garage marker 9, showing a small gray object beside a crack in the concrete. He said the object was later recovered and found to be a bullet or portion of a bullet.

Dassey1 mention

109–111 — Heimerl said Exhibit 109 showed marker 23 at the spot where a bullet was found beneath a garage air compressor, and Exhibit 110 showed a closer view with a ruler. He described Exhibit 111 as a photograph of the same object in an evidence bag labeled as a bullet fragment collected on March 2, 2006.

Dassey1 mention

137 — During Day 2 testimony, Olson identified Exhibit 137 as a photograph of the outer surface of charred cranial fragment Item KQ. He said the image showed an entrance defect with a beveled edge.

Dassey1 mention

139, 140 — The court received photograph Exhibits 139 and 140 with Exhibit 141 and two license plates during Day 5 direct examination. Exhibit 139 was separately identified as a photograph of the station wagon in which the plates were found; the provided discussion does not separately describe Exhibit 140.

140 — The photograph shows the small, charred fragment Olson examined, including a hole with beveling. During Day 2 testimony, defense counsel questioned the basis for calling it a cranial fragment.

Dassey1 mention

141 — Paine testified that she took Exhibit 141 and that it showed the license plate as she saw it after Brandes called her over. She identified the depicted number as matching the number she had been given for Halbach’s vehicle; her account that the plates had been folded came from what Brandes told her. The court received the photograph on Day 5.

154; 155; 157 — Siders identified Exhibits 154 and 155 as views inside a burn barrel showing plastic pieces he believed were parts of a cell phone. He corrected his description of Exhibit 157 from camera parts to cell-phone parts and agreed that the photographs showed substantially the same contents from different angles or magnifications. The court admitted the three photographs on Day 6.

161 and 162 — In a Day 6 procedural discussion, counsel identified Exhibits 161 and 162 as photographs used during Fassbender’s redirect examination. After they were marked, the court deemed both admitted without objection.

173, 174, 228 — During Day 24 procedural discussion, the court withdrew photograph Exhibits 173, 174, and 228 based on the parties’ stipulation. The separate request concerning physical exhibits was left for later consideration.

189 — Counsel identified Exhibit 189 as a photograph of a Federal Defender Services of Wisconsin envelope and discussed the letter’s postmark during Day 6 procedural discussion. Exhibit 189 fell within an exhibit range the court had admitted earlier that day.

206–210 — During the Day 10 exhibit inventory, the court admitted defense photographs 206 and 207 of a vanity and washing machine and State photographs 208 through 210 of a cabinet and bookcase.

219–220 — Exhibit 219 was identified as a photograph of a key, and Exhibit 220 as a photograph of shell casings in a box. The court received both on Day 10 after the defense noted Kucharski’s uncertainty about when the box photograph was taken.

221 — During Day 19 cross-examination, Johnson identified the object shown in Exhibit 221 as a .22 shell but said he could not tell from the photograph where it was taken. Earlier testimony identified Exhibit 221 as a photograph of a .22 long rifle casing on the garage floor.

228–229 — In a Day 10 procedural discussion, counsel identified Exhibits 228 and 229 as photographs associated with electrical wires. The court clarified that both photographs had been marked but were not then in evidence.

229 — Exhibit 229 was identified in earlier testimony as a photograph of electrical cords after they had been cut down. On Day 24, the clerk confirmed it was not recorded as withdrawn, and the court then withdrew it.

230 — During Day 12 direct examination, Blaine Dassey identified the vehicle in the received photograph as a Suzuki and said he thought it belonged to his grandfather. He said the photograph showed it in Steven Avery’s garage.

232 — Exhibit 232 shows items in a garage that Johnson said he had seen before October 2005. The photograph was also included among November garage views used in a comparison with March views, though the testimony cautioned that the November views were incomplete.

232–236 and 241 — During Day 9 cross-examination, Heimerl was shown November garage photographs, including Exhibits 232 through 236 and 241, while discussing March views of the garage. An engine hoist was not visible in the cited November views, but Heimerl noted limits in what those views showed. He agreed that his March measurements did not establish the garage’s November arrangement.

241–244; 252–261 — Exhibits 241–244 depict suspected blood spots on the garage floor, including marked areas selected for swabbing. Exhibits 252–261 are packages that Kucharski identified as containing swabs collected from the floor; he said his role was collection, not forensic analysis.

266 — Exhibit 266 shows a creeper beside an air compressor. Heimerl testified that he later saw what appeared to be a bullet beneath the compressor.

268 — Exhibit 268 shows a bullet fragment in a crack in the garage's concrete floor. During cross-examination, Heimerl confirmed that it depicted one of the two bullets he found there.

272 — Heimerl identified Exhibit 272 as an evidence-technology photograph whose tag designated a bullet fragment as number 19. The cited exchange does not include an admission ruling for the photograph.

273 — Heimerl identified Exhibit 273 as a photograph of several people processing debris in the basement of the State Crime Laboratory.

274 — Heimerl described Exhibit 274 as showing a similar debris-processing activity and said he believed the scene was at the Calumet County Sheriff's Department, probably in April 2006.

275 — Exhibit 275 shows a clothing rivet after debris had been brushed from it. Heimerl said he could read an inscription on the rivet in the photograph.

289–308 — Exhibits 289–308 form a photograph group that includes views of the RAV4 and Grand Am. After Groffy's cross-examination, the State moved to admit Exhibits 289–305, the defense moved to admit Exhibits 306–308, and the court admitted them all.

289, 290, 292, 293 — Exhibits 289, 290, 292, and 293 are RAV4 photographs discussed during Groffy's cross-examination about when the vehicle photographs were taken. Groffy described Exhibit 293 as a view through the front passenger door from farther back than another photograph.

290 — Exhibit 290 shows a reddish-brown stain on the RAV4's driver's seat. Stahlke described it as a contact-transfer stain but qualified that classification because its thickness also suggested a passive drop.

291 — Stahlke displayed Exhibit 291 and characterized the stain visible in it as a contact-transfer stain, meaning contact between a bloody object and an unstained surface.

294 — Exhibit 294 depicts a reddish stain at the RAV4's passenger-side rear doorway. Stahlke characterized the stain as a passive drop, a pattern influenced by gravity.

295 — Exhibit 295 looks into the RAV4's rear cargo area toward the passenger side, behind the right rear seat. Stahlke described numerous stains there as contact-transfer stains.

296 — Exhibit 296 is a close-up of the stains shown in Exhibit 295. Stahlke described them as contact transfers and interpreted one wavy stain as indicative of bloody hair touching the surface.

297 — Exhibit 297 shows additional RAV4 cargo-area stains. Stahlke described contact-transfer stains with flow patterns that he attributed to gravity acting on blood already on the surface.

298 — Exhibit 298 depicts the RAV4's rear cargo-door threshold. Stahlke identified an impact stain, contact-transfer stains, and swipe patterns in that area.

299 — Exhibit 299 shows stains on the interior panel of the RAV4's rear door. Stahlke described impact stains, some with downward flow patterns, and said they were consistent with blood released from a bloody object.

303 — Exhibit 303 shows the front of a 1993 Grand Am that had been identified to Stahlke as Steven Avery's vehicle. Stahlke said he examined the vehicle for bloodstain patterns.

305 — Exhibit 305 shows part of the Grand Am's front interior. Stahlke pointed out stains on the back of the gear shift and two circular stains visible in the photograph; he noted that additional console stains were outside its view.

306 — Exhibit 306 shows the RAV4's front bumper area. Groffy described apparent damage and a missing light fixture, while qualifying his agreement with counsel's name for the fixture.

316 — Exhibit 316 is a photograph of a key with its bag. The State included it in an exhibit-admission request, the defense did not object, and the court ordered the requested exhibits admitted.

349 — Blaine Dassey identified Exhibit 349 as a photograph of Steven Avery. When the State moved to admit it with other photographs, the court reserved its ruling on Exhibit 349.

350–354 — Exhibits 350–354 are family photographs identified during Blaine Dassey's testimony, depicting Allen Avery, Delores Avery, Chuck Avery, Earl Avery, and Barb Janda, also identified as Tadych, respectively. The court received those exhibits while reserving its ruling on the separate photograph numbered 349.

37; 51 — Exhibit 37 shows the burn barrel that Siders said he approached during a search, while Exhibit 51 shows a metal rim he said he saw inside it. Siders testified that he removed the rim before it was photographed outside the barrel.

421 — Exhibit 421 is a close-up photograph of a fired cartridge casing. Newhouse said he took it to illustrate the firing-pin impression left when the casing was fired.

422–424 — Exhibits 422–424 are cartridge-casing photographs. Newhouse described Exhibit 424 as a side-by-side comparison of a test-fired casing and a casing from Item EI, and confirmed that the photographs bore his and a reviewer's initials.

426 — Exhibit 426 compares markings on bullet FL with a test-fired bullet. During recross-examination, Newhouse distinguished common land-impression characteristics from finer striations and rejected the suggestion that the photographed groove alone established an identification.

426–428 — Exhibits 426–428 are photographs Newhouse took while comparing markings on bullet FL with test-fired bullets from a Glenfield Model 60. He acknowledged differences visible in the photographs while maintaining that the comparisons as a whole supported his conclusion.

447 — Exhibit 447 depicts the entrance door to the clerk's inner office. Zigmunt identified a keypad above its latch and said an access code was needed to enter.

448 — Exhibit 448 shows an Airborne Express package that Zigmunt believed contained the blood-vial box. She said it appeared to be the package the clerk's office received from the testing entity.

449 — Exhibit 449 shows the label on the shipping package depicted in Exhibit 448. Zigmunt described the label as identifying enclosed evidence returned from a laboratory after analysis.

450 — Exhibit 450 shows what Zigmunt believed was the back of the Styrofoam container that held the blood vial. She described markings that appeared to show an opening date and initials of people present for the opening.

458–463 — Exhibits 458–463 were identified in a Day 19 exhibit discussion as photographs of swabs that Dr. Lowe had previously identified and discussed. The court admitted the photographs without defense objection.

464 — Exhibit 464 shows two plastic totes used to store the earlier case file in Zigmunt's office. She said the file included papers and exhibits from that case.

468 — Exhibit 468 shows the original cardboard box in which the earlier Avery case file was kept. Zigmunt identified it during her Day 17 cross-examination; the court later admitted Exhibits 468–471.

469 — Exhibit 469 shows the earlier case file in the clerk's office from farther back than Exhibit 468. Zigmunt identified a desk used for viewing files and described the area as busy and poorly suited to spreading out the file and its exhibits.

87 and 88 — Exhibits 87 and 88 were photographs that Bowe could not identify. During a Day 6 exhibit discussion, the prosecutor said he intended to show them to another witness, and the court confirmed that they were marked but not received at that point.

95 — Heimerl identified Exhibit 95 as a photograph of a steel burn barrel in the front yard area of Steven Avery's residence. The court received it with Exhibits 96 through 114 without objection.

Dassey1 mention

96 — The photograph looks down through the open top of the barrel at burned debris. Heimerl testified that, without disturbing the contents, he saw metal, possible glass, and what appeared to be a panel or cover for a Motorola device.

Dassey1 mention

97–102 — The exhibit range includes photographs of electronic components recovered from the burn barrel and comparison images. Heimerl described Motorola phone comparisons in Exhibits 100 and 101 and a Canon PowerShot A310 component with visible model wording in Exhibit 102.

Dassey1 mention

Aerial photographs of the Avery property used in the presentation — Austin placed aerial photographs of the Avery property in his presentation on Day 3. He said one showed the property mapped with a total station, while another showed a different view and helped explain that mapping also extended to the deer camp and the end of Kuss Road.

Aerial photographs shown to the jury to date — The court placed on the record its understanding that every aerial photograph shown to the jury up to that point had been taken after the RAV4 was removed from the property.

Avery property and burn-pit photographs, including photo stacks identified as roll four, D-16, D-14, and D-15 — During Day 20 cross-examination, Fairgrieve recognized a series identified as roll four, recalled some photographs in D-14, and recalled the D-15 photographs shown to him. He also recalled a photograph of the pit under a blue tarp but could not say with certainty that he had seen every photograph in the sets discussed.

Before-and-after photographs of the bedroom cabinet — Kratz placed two cabinet photographs side by side and described them as taken minutes apart, before and after the cabinet was manipulated during the search. He pointed to changes in the slippers and a binder as part of his argument about how the key could have emerged.

Exhibit 1 — Karen Halbach identified Exhibit 1 as a picture of Teresa during Day 1 testimony. The court later received it with the other exhibits offered from that group.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 107 — Exhibit 107 is a garage photograph Ertl used to point out the general location of a larger luminol-reactive area. After clarification during his testimony, the record described the area as just behind the green tractor.

Exhibit 11 — Katie Halbach identified the photograph as the volleyball team Teresa coached and pointed out Teresa in the back row. The court received Exhibit 11 without objection.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 116–118 — Exhibit 116 shows the garage interior during the initial search. Kucharski described Exhibit 117 as a view after the snowmobile was removed and Exhibit 118 as a closer view of the exposed floor; he said the search was general and other items along the walls were not moved.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 119–120 — The photographs concern .22-caliber shell casings found during the garage search, including a casing on the floor and casings placed in a pill box. Kucharski counted 11 casings in the photograph identified as Exhibit 120.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 119–121 — Exhibit 119 shows a John Deere tractor, Exhibit 120 shows a snowmobile and part of a Suzuki Samurai, and Exhibit 121 shows the garage's south wall and an air compressor. Austin agreed that the photographs showed more clutter than the model, and the court admitted the three photographs.

Exhibit 12 — Katie Halbach said the photograph showed a lanyard and fob that looked the same or similar to one she had given Teresa. The court received Exhibit 12 without objection.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 120 — The image of the cartridge casings was projected while Newhouse examined the submitted casings. He said the casings were not yet in the small plastic bags visible during his testimony when the photograph was taken.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 121 — Kucharski identified the photograph as showing burn barrels he tagged behind the Janda residence. He testified that the barrels were lowered onto a trailer.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 122 — Kucharski described the photograph as an interior view of an office building, showing what he believed was a customer counter and a missing-person poster for Teresa Halbach.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 126–127 — Kucharski said Exhibit 126 was his photograph of the Toyota key as found in Steven Avery's bedroom. He identified Exhibit 127 as a later photograph of the same key after it was collected.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 127 — Exhibit 127 is an aerial photograph showing part of the Avery property and nearby roads. O'Connor used it to indicate his position on the Highway 147 side of the propane tanks, and the court admitted the exhibit.

Exhibit 130 — Exhibit 130 shows the RAV4 with people and materials around it when it was found. Ertl identified a fence post, a vehicle hood, plywood, and tree material in the photograph.

Exhibit 130–138 — Exhibits 130–138 show the RAV4 from several angles with branches, a fence post, plywood, a vehicle hood, and other materials around it. Fassbender described Exhibit 130 as showing the vehicle's condition when found, and the court admitted the photograph series.

Exhibit 142 — Stahlke identified the photograph as a view of the RAV4 driver's compartment with the door open. He pointed to a stain on the front driver's seat that he classified as a contact-transfer stain.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 143 — Stahlke pointed out a stain below and to the right of the RAV4 ignition. He classified it as a contact-transfer stain left when something with blood on it touched the surface.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 145 — The photograph shows a stain on the RAV4's right rear passenger-side door. Stahlke called it a passive drop, meaning a blood droplet deposited under the influence of gravity.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 146 — The photograph shows stains along the molding behind the RAV4's right rear passenger seat. Stahlke described them as contact-transfer stains and said their shapes strongly suggested contact with bloodied head hair.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 148 — The photograph shows the threshold of the RAV4's rear cargo door. Stahlke identified contact-transfer and impact stains there and said one stain might be considered a swipe pattern.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 149 — The photograph shows the interior of the RAV4 rear cargo door. Stahlke described numerous impact stains, some with downward flow patterns, and interpreted them as blood released from a moving bloody object.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 163 — Exhibit 163 shows Avery's bedroom, including a gun rack with a firearm visible in its lower tier. During Day 7 cross-examination, Tyson also identified a headboard in the photograph.

Exhibit 164 — Exhibit 164 depicts a .22-caliber rifle. After the jury requested testimony about DNA results using the photograph's exhibit number, the court distinguished the photograph from the rifle itself before reading the requested testimony.

Exhibit 166 — Stahlke identified Exhibit 166 as an overall view of the RAV4 rear cargo area. He testified that he measured the cargo-area opening.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 167 — Stahlke said the digital dashboard had no power when he attempted to check the RAV4's odometer. He identified the photograph as showing the disconnected battery cables he then observed under the hood.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 168 and 169 — Exhibit 168 depicts a cabinet Johnson identified as his. Exhibit 169 provides a closer view of its rear; when asked about testimony that the back panel had been loose, Johnson said he did not recall seeing it that way.

Exhibit 176 and 177 — Exhibit 176 shows the cheek-side view of the burned Tooth No. 31 fragment, while Exhibit 177 shows its biting-surface view. Simley used the images to describe the fragment's condition and the fracture match between its two root pieces; the court received both exhibits.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 178–181 — The images include an earlier panoramic dental x-ray, cropped views of Tooth No. 31, a postmortem x-ray of the reconstructed fragment, and a side-by-side comparison. Simley compared root spacing, curvature, and internal tooth features; the court received the exhibits.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 183–184 — Eisenberg identified the photographs as showing her and other investigators sorting material collected from the Steven Avery property. She said they were looking for human remains, bone fragments, dental structures, and other significant objects; the court received the exhibits.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 185 — Eisenberg said the photograph showed the interior and contents of the box initially left for her examination on November 9, 2005. She testified that she first examined it the following day, and the court received the exhibit.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 190–191 — Exhibit 190 shows the inner surfaces of three refitted left parietal skull fragments; Exhibit 191 shows their outer surfaces. Eisenberg identified internal beveling on one fragment as a gunshot entrance defect.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 192 — Exhibit 192 depicts the inner surface of a burned occipital skull fragment. Eisenberg described a defect there that she believed was another gunshot entry.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 2 — Karen Halbach identified Exhibit 2 during her Day 1 testimony as a picture of Teresa.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 206 and 207 — Exhibits 206 and 207 show parts of the bathroom in Avery's residence. Tyson identified the sink in Exhibit 206 and the washing machine in Exhibit 207; he also identified a toothbrush visible in Exhibit 206.

Exhibit 208–210 — Exhibits 208 and 209 show the bedroom cabinet or bookcase from different views. Exhibit 210 shows a key with a fob lying between bedroom slippers near the bookcase.

Exhibit 21–25 — Exhibits 21–25 show the RAV4 from several angles where it was found. Fassbender described branches, posts, plywood, auto parts, and a vehicle hood around it; he said one photograph was taken near dusk.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 221–226 — Exhibits 221–226 are photographs of six .22 long rifle shell casings found on the garage floor. Kucharski described photographing casings that were visible before collection and identified numbered markers beside several of them.

Exhibit 227 — Exhibit 227 shows the garage interior looking south from its north side. Kucharski said he took the photograph after the search had begun and a snowmobile had been removed.

Exhibit 228 — Exhibit 228 is a closer photograph of electrical wires tied to a garage rafter, as Kucharski described during Day 8 testimony. In a later procedural discussion, the court clarified that photographs 228 and 229 were marked but not in evidence at that point.

Exhibit 229 — Daniel Kucharski identified the Day 8 photograph as showing the cords after they had been cut down. The court later withdrew Exhibit 229 on Day 24.

Exhibit 243 — During Day 9 cross-examination, counsel displayed the garage photograph and asked whether a swab labeled No. 6 came from one of several spots or a larger blotch. Kucharski said he did not know.

Exhibit 265, overview photograph of the garage and evidence markers — Heimerl said he took Exhibit 265 from outside the garage on the evening of March 1. The overview shows the garage interior with markers near floor markings, areas considered for further examination, and an item already found.

Exhibit 267, photograph of a jug labeled paint thinner — Heimerl identified Exhibit 267 as a photograph of a plastic jug whose label identified it as paint thinner. He confirmed that he had been asked to identify and photograph products of that kind during the garage search.

Exhibit 27 — JoEllen Zipperer recognized the Day 2 photograph as depicting the for-sale sign, bill of sale, and Auto Trader magazine she had just handled. The court admitted Exhibits 26 and 27 without objection.

Exhibit 29–34 — Pamela Sturm said the photographs matched what she and Nikole saw that morning. She described branches and other materials against the vehicle and identified Exhibit 31 as showing no front license plate; the court admitted Exhibits 29 through 34 without objection.

Exhibit 3 — Karen Halbach identified Exhibit 3 during her Day 1 testimony as a picture of Teresa in front of her Toyota RAV4.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 307, photograph of the rear of the RAV4 — Groffy identified Exhibit 307 as an overall photograph he took of the RAV4's rear. During cross-examination, he used it to indicate where he believed the rear cargo-door handle and key opening were located.

Exhibit 338 — During Day 10 testimony, Sherry Culhane confirmed that Exhibit 338 depicted the piece of charred remains previously shown on a large screen.

Exhibit 363–366 — Thomas Sturdivant described photographs showing the earthen pile, burn pit, dog, and nearby objects, including a metal frame he thought was from a vehicle seat. Exhibit 366 showed part of the pile, a propane tank, and portions of a trailer and garage; the court admitted Exhibits 363 through 366 with the other exhibits he identified.

Exhibit 367–371 — Sturdivant identified photographs of a hammer, screwdriver, masonry trowel, shovel, and what he believed was a vehicle-seat frame at or near the burn pit. The court admitted Exhibits 367 through 371 without objection.

Exhibit 382–385 — Leslie Eisenberg described Exhibit 382 as showing investigators sorting apparent burn material, Exhibit 383 as the contents of an initial box submitted to her, and Exhibit 384 as skull fragments from that box. She said Exhibit 385 showed a less-burned bone fragment and tissue among items she packaged for transfer to the FBI; the court admitted the exhibits discussed in her testimony without objection.

Exhibit 390–395 — Eisenberg described images of burned left parietal and occipital skull fragments, including re-fitted pieces and unnatural openings viewed from different sides. She said the defects informed her opinion of homicidal violence, and the court admitted the exhibits discussed in her testimony without objection.

Exhibit 391 — Kenneth Olson identified the photographed fragment as one he examined, pointed to a defect or hole in it, and gave its laboratory designation as item EJ.

Exhibit 397–398 — Eisenberg pointed to four white flecks on an image of left parietal fragments and described Exhibit 398 as an x-ray showing an occipital fragment with dense particles within and near an opening. The court admitted the exhibits discussed in her testimony without objection.

Exhibit 4 — Karen Halbach testified that Teresa arranged the family photograph and appeared in it, but did not take it herself.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 400 — Eisenberg said the image represented the variety of human bone fragments she identified from the burn-pit area, including fragments she could attribute to parts of the spine, ribs, and collarbone. The court admitted the exhibits discussed in her testimony without objection.

Exhibit 405–408 — Curtis Thomas described photographs of burned phone-cover and keypad pieces alongside an exemplar device. He concluded that the pictured pieces came from a Motorola RAZR V3 phone; the court admitted the exhibits without objection.

Exhibit 410, 411, and 413 — Thomas identified a camera lens cover and the PowerShot A310 marking in Exhibits 410 and 411. He described Exhibit 413 as a closer view of an earlier photograph of burned evidence and concluded that the camera components came from a PowerShot A310; the court admitted the exhibits without objection.

Exhibit 430 — Olson identified Exhibit 430 as the inner-surface view of cranial fragment KQ, distinguishing it from the outer-surface view in Exhibit 429. He testified to elemental lead at examined locations on KQ, and the court admitted Exhibit 430 without objection.

Exhibit 431 — Olson identified Exhibit 431 as a photograph of an x-ray of charred bone fragments designated item KR. He later agreed with a question describing KR as having no suspected entrance defect and showing no traces of elemental lead; the court admitted the exhibit without objection.

Exhibit 44–46 — Exhibit 44 depicts the station wagon where the license plates were found. Fassbender said Exhibit 45 shows the folded plates after they were unfolded and placed back for the photograph, while Exhibit 46 shows the station wagon's position relative to nearby residences.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 471 — Mark Wiegert recognized the blood-vial photograph during Day 18 testimony but could not say when it was taken. He guessed it was among photographs taken when the package was opened in December, and counsel stated that Exhibit 471 had already been admitted.

Exhibit 48–50 — Fassbender identified Exhibit 49 as a view of Barbara Tadych's bedroom showing handcuffs and leg irons on storage-space handles. He identified Exhibits 48 and 50 as close-ups of the handcuffs and leg irons taken from that bedroom.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 481–495; Exhibit 145 — The State offered the photographic exhibits after Rodney Pevytoe's Day 18 testimony but identified Exhibit 492 as a duplicate of previously received Exhibit 145 and proceeded with 145 instead. The defense did not object, and the court admitted the tendered exhibits.

Exhibit 490 — During Day 18 cross-examination, Pevytoe identified Exhibit 490 as a photograph he took looking down into the smelter. Counsel used the photograph while asking him about the smelter from memory.

Exhibit 52–54 — Exhibits 52–54 depict a jacket, sneakers, and blue jeans associated with Dassey's account of what he wore on October 31. Fassbender said Dassey believed he wore the jacket, the sneakers fit his description, and Dassey identified the jeans; Fassbender also described visible white stains on the jeans.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 54 — Bobby Dassey identified the photograph as showing his mother's house and pointed out the window he said he looked through. He also indicated the direction of the vehicle for sale, which was outside the photograph.

Exhibit 59 — Dassey said the photograph was taken from the driveway and showed another view of the Plymouth Voyager van. The court allowed a question placing the photograph in context and later admitted Exhibit 59 with the other offered photographs, except Exhibit 70.

Exhibit 61 — Dassey described the photograph as another angle on the van, with his mother's house in the background, and pointed out the left-most window on the trailer. The court later admitted Exhibit 61 with the other offered photographs, except Exhibit 70.

Exhibit 66–69 — Dassey identified Exhibit 66 as showing the car crusher in the pit and Exhibit 67 as a front view of it. His testimony also addressed the nearby pond and embankment; the court admitted Exhibits 66 through 69 with the other offered photographs, except Exhibit 70.

Exhibit 79 — Brett Bowe identified Exhibit 79 as an overhead photograph showing part of the Avery property. The court admitted Exhibit 79 with Exhibits 80 through 86 without objection.

Exhibit 79 — Tyson identified Exhibit 79 during his Day 2 testimony as a view of the computer area in the corner of Avery's living room.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 80 — Bowe identified the photograph as a view from the south showing the back of Avery's residence and detached garage. The court admitted Exhibit 80 with Exhibits 79 through 86 without objection.

Exhibit 80 — Tyson identified Exhibit 80 as a photograph of an AutoTrader magazine. He believed Detective Remiker found the magazine on top of the computer desk in the living room.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 81 — Tyson identified Exhibit 81 as a photograph of an AutoTrader bill of sale. He qualified his recollection of its location, saying he believed it was found in a computer-desk drawer.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 82 — During Day 4 testimony, Bowe described Exhibit 82 as an aerial view from the east of the property's southeast corner. He pointed out a pond and the area beyond a berm where Teresa Halbach's vehicle was found.

Exhibit 82–83 — Tyson described Exhibit 82 as a photograph of the headboard area of Avery's bed and Exhibit 83 as a clearer view of the gun rack above it. He testified that two long firearms were in the rack.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 83 — Bowe described Exhibit 83 as an aerial photograph looking south over the Avery property and Radandt's quarry. He identified residences, part of the salvage yard, and a passage through which a vehicle could travel between the properties.

Exhibit 84 — Bowe described Exhibit 84 during Day 4 testimony as an aerial view from the southeast of the property's northwest corner and adjacent land. He identified two residences, a quarry, an open field, and the beginning of the salvage yard.

Exhibit 84–85 — Tyson identified Exhibit 84 as a photograph of handcuffs found in a bedroom bookcase beside the desk and Exhibit 85 as a photograph of leg irons found there.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 86 — Kucharski identified Exhibit 86 as a photograph of the .22-caliber semi-automatic rifle from the gun rack above Avery's bed. He separately identified the rifle itself as Exhibit 129.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 86–87 — Tyson said Exhibit 86 appeared to show one firearm from the bedroom gun rack and believed Exhibit 87 showed the other, a muzzleloader. He testified that officers saw two firearms there but did not seize them during the November 5 search because they expected to return.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 87 and 88 — During Day 4 testimony, Bowe said Exhibits 87 and 88 were photographs taken inside a gravel pit, but he could not identify which pit or identify the exhibits. They were left for another witness, and a Day 6 procedural discussion described them as marked but not received at that point.

Exhibit 88 — Tyson identified Exhibit 88 as a photograph of a bleach bottle that he believed was taken from the bathroom and laundry area of Avery's residence during a March 1 search.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 90 — Tyson identified Exhibit 90 as a photograph of the hood latch on Teresa Halbach's vehicle while describing a request to swab areas of the vehicle for DNA evidence.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit No. 117 — Blaine Dassey recognized the Suzuki in Exhibit No. 117 as being in Steven Avery's garage. He corrected the questioner's description of ownership, saying the vehicle belonged to his grandfather.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit No. 2 — Michael Halbach identified Exhibit No. 2 during Day 1 testimony as a family photograph taken outside his parents' farm, which he believed was taken in the summer or early fall of 2004. He identified Teresa and other family members in it.

Exhibit No. 285 — Exhibit No. 285 is a photograph of the blue Air National Guard lanyard without the key fob. During Day 10 testimony, Katie Halbach identified the lanyard as one she had picked up and given to Teresa.

Exhibit No. 286 — Katie Halbach described Exhibit No. 286 as a photograph of the lanyard and its connecting piece. During Day 10 testimony, she said the connecting piece shown in court fit the lanyard and resembled the assembly she had given Teresa.

Exhibit No. 3 — Michael Halbach identified Exhibit No. 3 during Day 1 testimony as a photograph of Teresa Halbach's license plate with its sticker. He testified that he knew the plate number as SWH-582.

Exhibit No. 4 — Michael Halbach identified Exhibit No. 4 during Day 1 testimony as a photograph of Teresa Halbach's front license plate. He testified that he was familiar with her plate number, SWH-582.

Exhibit No. 6 — Exhibit No. 6 is a photograph of the box for Teresa Halbach's Palm 1 Zire 31 device, as Michael Halbach identified it during Day 1 testimony. He distinguished the photograph from the box itself, which was shown separately.

Exhibit No. 67 — Exhibit No. 67 shows the Suzuki backed into the garage. Blaine Dassey testified that he remembered seeing it parked outside the garage when he got home on Halloween.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit No. 7 — Michael Halbach identified Exhibit No. 7 during Day 1 testimony as a photograph of the Canon PowerShot A310 box, not the camera itself. He said Teresa had used that camera in her Auto Trader work.

Exhibit No. 71 — During Day 6 cross-examination, Blaine Dassey used Exhibit No. 71 to identify the burn barrel he described and the area where he said he saw a bonfire behind Steven Avery's garage.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit No. 75 — Stachowski used Exhibit No. 75 to describe the bed's position beneath a bedroom window and confirmed that the bed could be seen through the open doorway from the hallway.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibits 262 and 263, photographs showing the engine hoist — Counsel described Exhibits 262 and 263 as photographs Heimerl took in March showing the engine hoist. After counsel requested their admission, the court admitted both exhibits.

Garage photograph taken after the car was removed — Heimerl confirmed that the Exhibit 265 garage photograph was taken on the evening of March 1 after a maroon vehicle had been removed and some evidence had been found. He said a stepladder visible in an earlier photograph was not visible in this one and may have been moved or folded.

Item 426 — Item 426 is a photograph of Groove Impression No. 1 in a comparison between a recovered bullet and a test-fired bullet. During Day 14 redirect testimony, Newhouse said the photograph showed some corresponding striations, but not all the microscopic detail on which he based his conclusion.

Kratz said he would provide four-by-six images to be marked and identified by Austin at the conclusion of Austin's testimony. — In a Day 3 procedural discussion, Kratz said he had four-by-six images prepared and would provide them to be marked and identified by Austin at the end of Austin's testimony. The excerpt does not identify what those images depicted.

March garage photographs, Exhibits 262 and 263 — Heimerl identified Exhibits 262 and 263 as photographs he took on March 1 or 2 showing the garage interior substantially as he found it then. He also confirmed that he had not seen the garage interior during the November visits discussed in cross-examination.

Pam Sturm's photographs of the RAV4 — Kratz discussed photographs associated with Pam Sturm's discovery of the RAV4 during his Day 23 closing argument. He referred to a camera lent for the search and argued that the images showed attempts to obscure the vehicle.

Photograph discussed during recross — During O'Neill's recross-examination, counsel referred to a photograph shown on screen while asking about the defendant's appearance. O'Neill said he did not know where the photograph came from.

Dassey1 mention

Photograph investigators apparently showed Brendan during the interview — Asked whether investigators showed Brendan a photograph when asking if he had seen a girl, O'Neill said he believed they did. He did not know what became of the photograph or where it had come from.

Dassey1 mention

Photograph of a cut shown to Johnson — Johnson said the cut in a photograph shown to him resembled the wide-open cut he remembered, but he was unsure of the cut's location. He acknowledged that the photograph might show a different cut from the one he had discussed with police.

Photograph of a cut that the jury had seen — The photograph showed a cut that jurors had already seen. In a Day 11 procedural discussion, the parties disputed a proposed question about whether the pictured cut, if actively bleeding, could have been the source of a dashboard bloodstain; the court sustained the objection.

Photograph of a padlock on the garage — Heimerl testified that a padlock secured the garage overnight between the March 1 and March 2 searches. He could not tell whether the photograph showed the padlock found when investigators arrived on March 1 or the padlock seen on the morning of March 2.

Photograph of a paint-thinner bottle — During cross-examination, Heimerl identified Exhibit 267 as showing paint thinner rather than bleach. He described the bottle as dirty but said he could not determine its age from its appearance.

Photograph of Teresa beside her Toyota — Counsel referred to a photograph showing Teresa beside her Toyota with her camera while asking Halbach whether she ordinarily carried a purse. Halbach said he could not say for sure.

Photograph showing the file on a viewing-area desk — The photograph showed Avery's file on a desk in a viewing area. Zigmunt said the file was ordinarily kept farther away on a filing cabinet, not at the desk shown in the photograph.

photograph used to discuss positions and routes near the RAV4 — During Orth's Day 4 cross-examination, counsel used the photograph to question where Orth stood relative to the vehicle, the crusher, and Pam and Nikole Sturm. Orth described his position as the same general area rather than their exact spot and agreed that other routes led to the RAV4.

Photographs introduced during Pevytoe's testimony — After Pevytoe's Day 18 recross-examination, counsel said the photographs introduced during his testimony had been moved into evidence without objection. The court confirmed they were already admitted; the excerpt does not describe their contents.

Photographs of shell casings near markers 10 and 11 — Heimerl identified Exhibit 283 as showing marker 10 beside a shell casing in a concrete crack. He identified Exhibit 284 as showing marker 11 with another shell casing directly in front of it.

Photographs of the bone fragments and recovery — Fairgrieve reviewed photographs and Eisenberg's report but did not examine the bone fragments themselves. He said the photographs provided poor documentation of the fragments in their original positions and disagreed with a favorable assessment of the recovery process.

Photographs of the Q-46 collection site and swab — During Day 20 cross-examination, counsel showed a photograph of the Q-46 collection site and proposed showing a photograph of the swab sent to the FBI. The witness said the photographs alone did not establish the volume of blood deposited on the dashboard.

photographs of the RAV 4 cargo area — During Day 3 cross-examination, the witness was asked about photographs of the RAV4’s rear cargo area, including an area where he believed there was hair. He said he had not brought the plastic molding shown in that area.

Dassey1 mention

photographs reviewed by Fairgrieve — On Day 20 redirect examination, Fairgrieve was asked about photographs he had reviewed along with Dr. Eisenberg’s reports and testimony. He said he had seen no evidence of dismemberment before burning.

Photographs taken by Nicole Sturm — After a vehicle was displayed during Day 3 direct examination, Nicole Sturm testified that she took the photographs of the vehicles.

Photographs the prosecution planned to have Bobby Dassey identify — In a Day 3 procedural discussion, the prosecutor said he expected about 20 photographs remained for Bobby Dassey to identify on direct examination. He said clarifying questions might arise while asking about what the photographs depicted.

Picture identified in questioning as showing the burn barrel — On Day 6 redirect examination, Blaine Dassey agreed that a picture shown to him depicted the burn barrel about which he had testified.

Dassey1 mention

picture of the bedroom — During Day 3 cross-examination, the witness agreed that the bedroom’s configuration in August differed from the configuration shown in the picture.

Dassey1 mention

Prior Auto Trader photographs taken at the Avery property — The prosecutor described six Auto Trader photographs Halbach had previously taken at the Avery salvage property, dating from June 20 through October 10, 2005. In closing argument, he pointed to their proximity to Avery’s trailer and compared the later placement of photographed vehicles with the van photographed on October 31.

RAV4 rear-door photograph, A-23 swab, and vehicle stain results — During Day 11 cross-examination, the photograph was identified under exhibit label 307 with a description referring to the RAV4 rear door, an A-23 swab, and vehicle-stain results.

Remaining photographs, which the parties agreed could be sent to the jury without a request — On Day 24, the parties agreed that the remaining photographs could be sent to the jury without a request. The court said it would notify the parties and hear them before sending other requested materials.

State's Exhibit 105 — During Day 2 cross-examination, Heimerl confirmed that State's Exhibit 105 showed Steven Avery's garage on March 1, 2006, with the main overhead door open.

Dassey1 mention

State's Exhibit 289–305 — State's Exhibits 289–305 are photographs of the RAV4 and Steven Avery's Grand Am. During Day 10 testimony, Groffy said he took the photographs and that they accurately portrayed the vehicles when he photographed them in November 2005; the group includes Grand Am exterior and front-interior views.

State's Exhibit 291 — Groffy described State's Exhibit 291 as a view of the RAV4 dashboard near the ignition switch and said a reddish stain there tested positive on a presumptive test for blood. In later testimony, Stahlke described the photographed stain as a contact-transfer stain.

State's Exhibit 294 — Groffy said State's Exhibit 294 showed a reddish stain on the RAV4 frame near the passenger-side rear seat and that he took the photograph at Nick Stahlke's request. In later testimony about Exhibit 294, Stahlke described the stain as a passive drop.

State's Exhibit 295–297 — State's Exhibits 295–297 show the RAV4 cargo area, including closer views of a stained area behind the rear passenger seat. Groffy said a presumptive test in that area was positive for blood; in testimony about Exhibit 295, Stahlke described numerous stains as contact transfers.

State's Exhibit 302 — Groffy identified State's Exhibit 302 during Day 10 testimony as a photograph showing a disconnected battery cable on the RAV4. In later testimony, Stahlke said the photograph showed the cable as he observed it when the hood was opened.

State's Exhibit 303–305 — State's Exhibits 303–305 show Steven Avery's Grand Am, with an exterior view followed by views of the front passenger area and center console. Groffy said he believed the closer console photograph was taken to show marks that Stahlke perceived as stains.

State's Exhibit 95 — During Day 2 cross-examination, Heimerl confirmed that State's Exhibit 95 was a photograph of the burn barrel he had discussed in his testimony.

Dassey1 mention

Teresa Halbach's antemortem dental x-rays and Simley's postmortem x-rays used to compare Tooth No. 31 — Simley compared images of Tooth No. 31 from Halbach’s dental records with postmortem x-rays of rejoined root fragments. He described similarities in root shape, spacing, and pulp structures, while declining to call the comparison a positive identification because crowns and fillings were unavailable for comparison.

Video Evidence (15)

March 1 videotaped interview of Brendan Dassey — The video shows investigators questioning Dassey on March 1, 2006, and selected portions were played during his cross-examination and the State's rebuttal. Gordon testified that the video helped, but was not essential to, his suggestibility opinion; the judge instructed jurors to rely on the video if captions differed.

Dassey10 mentions

Exhibit 117 — Austin described the DVD as a scene walk-through assembled from more than 5,250 images. Playback failed on Day 3, and the court received Exhibit 117 but did not admit it, saying it would be admitted when viewed before the jury.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 470 — Counsel described the silent DVD excerpt as about 10 minutes of the December 14, 2006 opening of the blood-vial box; Exhibit 470 was marked for identification after it was played on Day 17. Part of the video was revisited on Day 18 during questioning about writing on the vial, but the exchange did not establish the meaning of the label or its exact final date digit.

Avery2 mentions

Dr. Gordon's videotaped offer of proof — Gordon's videotaped offer of proof presented his expected testimony, including his opinion that Dassey was vulnerable to suggestibility. During Day 7 argument, the court said it had considered the DVD and Gordon's cross-examination in its earlier ruling and would not withdraw that ruling.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 218 — During Remiker's Day 8 direct testimony, the answering-machine message was played and admitted without objection. Remiker said he could not determine how far the machine's date stamp was off.

Exhibit 470, as tentatively identified by counsel — Counsel tentatively identified the displayed still as part of Exhibit 470 and asked Arvizu to point to the date marking she had discussed. She read the upside-down image as showing an EXP marking followed by March 1996.

The defendant's videotaped statement — During a Day 6 motion, the defense argued that the videotaped confession lacked independent corroboration of a sexual assault. The State disputed that position, and the court found enough material corroboration to let the count proceed at that stage.

Dassey1 mention

Unspecified video referenced in a question about an instruction — Before the jury entered on Day 5, counsel asked whether the judge would read an instruction about an unidentified video. The court's summary says the judge planned to read it when the trial reached that point.

Dassey1 mention

Video clip of Dassey's interview with officers — On redirect, counsel described a clip in which Dassey told officers he saw and participated in killing and sexually assaulting Halbach. Dassey testified that he had made up details, including being there before 5:00 and helping kill and rape her.

Dassey1 mention

video from the aerial search — During a Day 2 discovery discussion, defense counsel said it had received video from the aerial flight but not photographs. The prosecutor said the flyover video had been provided and that he knew of no still photographs taken from the plane.

Video of Dassey's interview with investigators, discussed during his testimony — Dassey testified that he knew the interview was being videotaped. He also said the officers explained his rights and that he understood them.

Dassey1 mention

Video of the blood-vial package being opened — Wiegert said the videotape accurately depicted the package opening and his first view of the vial. He testified that moving the styrofoam box made the blood's movement in the tube visible.

Videotaped police interviews that the defense asked jurors to assess for corroboration, inconsistencies, and questioning methods — Defense counsel said jurors would see Dassey's recorded statements, including videotaped police interviews. He urged them to examine uncorroborated details, changes between statements, and the officers' questioning methods.

Dassey1 mention

videotaped statement of Brendan Dassey — In Day 9 closing argument, defense counsel identified variations in Dassey's videotaped statements about timing, the movement of Halbach's body, and where and how many times she was shot. Counsel also argued that physical evidence did not corroborate several details.

Dassey1 mention

Videotaped statement that the defense said Dr. Gordon reviewed and that had been shown in court — During Day 7 argument about Gordon's testimony, defense counsel said his review of collateral information included a videotaped statement shown in court and other statements not provided to the jury. Counsel said Gordon's proposed opinion concerned suggestibility, not coercion or whether Dassey's statements were true.

Dassey1 mention

Audio Evidence (31)

Exhibit 126 — Counsel played portions of Exhibit 126 during Remiker's Day 8 cross-examination and asked him about the voices and custody questions on the recordings. Remiker said his identification of the person meant in one question was an assumption based on listening to the call.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 212 — Exhibit 212 includes Colborn's recorded license-plate inquiry, which was played during cross-examination. The court admitted the exhibit without objection on Day 7, and the recording was played for Lenk during Day 8 cross-examination to address whether the call was made by telephone rather than radio.

Avery3 mentions

Recording of Colborn's license-plate check — The recording contains Colborn's request that dispatch check a license plate and the dispatcher's confirmation that it belonged to Teresa Halbach. Colborn said he did not know whether he made the inquiry before or after his November 3 visit to the Avery property.

Avery3 mentions

Recorded jail calls between Avery and Jodi Stachowski — Two October 31 calls from Jodi Stachowski to Steven Avery's land line were recorded at the jail. In his Day 1 opening statement, Strang said Avery mentioned that Brendan Dassey was around; during Day 18 cross-examination, Wiegert said he had listened to the calls.

Avery2 mentions

201 — O'Neill testified that he recorded his interview with Brendan Dassey using a digital recorder placed in his car's visor. The court received the CD as Exhibit 201 after the defense stated it had no objection to the disk itself.

Dassey1 mention

A CD of recorded calls that the defense said it might use on cross-examination — During a Day 7 discussion outside the jury's presence, Strang provided a 24-track CD of recorded radio transmissions and calls to sheriff's department land lines that he might use in cross-examination. He declined to identify his planned questions during the lunch break.

Answering-machine message about difficulty finding the Zipperer house — During Day 2 cross-examination, JoEllen Zipperer said a caller had left a message about trying to find her house. Zipperer said she heard the message that evening, after the visit.

Answering-machine message from a caller identifying herself as Teresa; an attempt to play it during this examination did not succeed — During Daniel Kucharski's Day 2 testimony, he said the answering-machine message at the Janda residence had been played for the search team and recorded by Detective Remiker. An attempt to play the message in court did not succeed, and the prosecutor said he would return to it later.

Dassey1 mention

Audio clip of a conversation between Dassey and his mother — An audio clip of a call between Brendan Dassey and his mother was played during his Day 7 cross-examination. Afterward, Dassey acknowledged telling his mother that he had gone to Steven Avery's after school, while testifying that he had not gone there then.

Dassey1 mention

audio of the conversation discussed in Remiker's testimony — During a Day 8 discussion outside the jury's presence, the court referred to audio heard earlier from a conversation addressed in Detective Remiker's testimony. The court said it understood Remiker's testimony as distancing himself from an apparent focus on Avery at the time of that conversation.

Audio of the November 6 interview — The audio of the November 6 interview was discussed during Anthony O'Neill's Day 4 cross-examination. Counsel questioned him about whether the written transcript reflected an answer and whether he had compared it with the audio.

Dassey1 mention

Audio recording of Brendan Dassey's interview — During Anthony O'Neill's Day 4 redirect examination, he said playing the interview audiotape helped him recall Dassey's demeanor during the interview. The exchange does not identify the tape as the exhibit offered immediately afterward.

Dassey1 mention

Audio-recorded school interview that the defense said the jury would hear — In his Day 1 opening statement, Fremgen said jurors would hear Dassey's audio-recorded school statements alongside later recorded interviews. He asked them to consider how Dassey's answers changed and how the questions were asked.

Dassey1 mention

Brendan Dassey's statements to investigators and later phone conversations with his mother — During Day 9 closing argument, Fallon discussed Dassey's statements to investigators and May telephone conversations with his mother. Fallon argued that those accounts, together with other evidence he cited, supported his account of Dassey's actions.

Dassey1 mention

Call attributed in questioning to Mr. Colborn — During Day 8 redirect examination, Lenk was asked about a call that Strang had played and that questioning attributed to Colborn. Lenk said he did not know when it was made and heard nothing establishing whether it came before or after Colborn's visit to Avery's house.

Defense Exhibit 126 — Strang identified Defense Exhibit 126 as a CD of the November 5 radio dispatch log. Selected portions had been played during Remiker's cross-examination, and the court admitted the CD without State objection on Day 19.

Detective Jacobs's dispatch call — Detective Jacobs's dispatch call was discussed during Remiker's Day 8 redirect examination. Remiker agreed that the call referred to Halbach's vehicle being found and Jacobs asking whether Avery was in custody; he said the custody report concerned someone else.

Excerpts of two recorded November 5 dispatch communications — In his Day 1 opening statement, Strang played excerpts of two recorded November 5 dispatch communications involving Detective Jacobs. He cautioned that his prepared transcript was not evidence and that listeners should rely on the recordings if the transcript differed.

Exhibit 225 — Kratz supplied a promised copy of the answering-machine clip for the record. The court and clerk identified the CD as Exhibit 225, and the court assented when asked whether it was received.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 35 — During her Day 2 testimony, Sturm identified the played recording as an accurate account of her call after she saw a vehicle she believed might be Halbach's. The court admitted Exhibit 35 without defense objection.

Janda answering-machine messages — During Remiker's Day 8 cross-examination, he said he had listened to all 12 messages indicated on the Janda answering machine and identified message number 6 as the one he considered relevant. He could not say whether anyone had heard that message earlier.

May 13 telephone call that defense counsel said the State intended to introduce in its case in chief — During a Day 1 evidentiary discussion, defense counsel referred to a May 13 telephone call and said the State intended to introduce it in its case in chief. The prosecutor's response concerned the separate May 13 interview and said the State was more likely to use that interview in rebuttal, if at all.

Dassey1 mention

November 5 radio dispatch recording on a four-track CD, designated Exhibit 126 during the exchange — During Peter O'Connor's Day 4 cross-examination, Strang played part of a November 5 radio dispatch recording while questioning him about vehicles leaving before he began stopping traffic. Because the court reporter had trouble hearing the playback, Strang proposed designating the four-track CD Exhibit 126 and making a copy for the court; the exchange contains no admission ruling.

Phone call between Brendan and his mother — During Day 9 closing argument, Edelstein discussed a phone call between Brendan Dassey and his mother. He argued that his mother did most of the talking and questioned what Dassey meant when he responded that he had done some of the things she asked about.

Dassey1 mention

Phone message heard at the Janda residence — The message was played during Daniel Kucharski's Day 2 redirect examination. In it, a caller identifying herself as Teresa with Auto Trader said she could come that afternoon but needed a return call because she did not have the address; Kucharski identified it as the message he heard at the Janda residence.

Dassey1 mention

Poor-quality cassette recording of the February 27 school interview — During Day 5 direct examination, Wiegert said the February 27 school interview with Dassey lasted about an hour and was recorded on an older cassette recorder placed on the table. He said the recorder did not pick up well and the audio was very poor.

Dassey1 mention

Recorded communications asking whether Avery was in custody — During his Day 24 closing argument, Strang revisited recorded November 5 communications in which Detective Jacobs asked whether Avery was in custody. He placed the questions shortly after Halbach's vehicle was found and used them to argue that the investigation had already focused on Avery.

Recorded jail calls from Jodi to Avery's land line — During Day 24 closing argument, Strang described two recorded October 31 calls from Jodi Stachowski at the jail to Avery's land line, one at 5:36 p.m. and another at 8:57 p.m. He said each lasted about 15 minutes and that Investigator Wiegert had listened to them.

Recording excerpts involving Detectives Jacobs and Remiker that Strang played during the defense opening; counsel disputed their relevance to bias. — Strang played the excerpts during his defense opening. In a Day 2 discussion, Kratz challenged their use under the court's earlier limits on bias evidence, and Strang disputed that characterization.

Teresa Halbach's recorded phone message about the AutoTrader appointment — In the State's Day 1 opening, Kratz said the recovered message would let jurors hear Halbach say she could come after 2 p.m. to photograph a van for sale.

Dassey1 mention

Teresa Halbach's voice mail — In the State's Day 1 opening, Kratz said Halbach left the voice mail after calling the number given for B. Janda. He described it as what the State believed was her last recorded voice.

Digital Evidence (14)

Disc containing photographs of microscopic observations — Newhouse said he transferred photographs of microscopic bullet observations to the disc. The court received it with his two reports without objection; later discussion described seven comparison photographs on the disc that lacked individual exhibit numbers.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 496 — Michael Riddle identified the card as a Verbatim compact flash memory card marked Teresa and said he found it in the RAV4's rear cargo area. The court later admitted Exhibit 496 without objection.

Avery2 mentions

Teresa's cell-phone bill — Michael Halbach said he had never checked Teresa's cell-phone bill and did not know whether his password could access it. Mark Wiegert said investigators received her phone bill and tried reverse-directory lookups for some calls.

Avery2 mentions

Teresa's voicemail — Michael Halbach said he had Teresa's voicemail password and checked the account, probably early on Thursday evening. He later said he believed he listened to all or part of its 18 new messages, began skipping later messages, and estimated that he saved about half.

Avery2 mentions

376 — During Day 13 testimony, Simley discussed a comparison of tooth fragments with Halbach's dental X-rays and said they were very consistent. The court admitted the presentation CD-ROM, Exhibit 376, without objection.

465 — The court initially announced Exhibits 465 and 466 admitted without objection. The defense later objected to the PowerPoint demonstration, and the court deferred hearing that objection; no further ruling appears in the supplied exchange.

Bullet-fragment DNA test and contaminated control — In Day 23 closing argument, Buting disputed the DNA conclusion for bullet fragment Item FL. He argued that contamination of the control made the result unreliable and criticized Culhane's decision to report an inclusion despite the laboratory protocol.

Computer record of the peer review described by Newhouse — Newhouse said a computer record documented another examiner's review of his report and conclusions, but he did not have the record with him during cross-examination. He said the report could not be issued without proof of review.

DNA test of the bullet found in March and its contaminated control — In Day 24 closing argument, Strang argued that the contaminated control called for setting aside and repeating the bullet test under the laboratory protocol. He disputed reliance on the reported DNA inclusion.

Exhibit 122 — The State identified Exhibit 122 as the PowerPoint disk, distinct from the animation identified as Exhibit 117, and offered the disk after the jury left. The supplied exchange contains no separate admission ruling for Exhibit 122.

Halbach's laptop and its list of friends and phone numbers — Ryan Hillegas said he turned on Halbach's computer and opened an icon labeled Teresa's friends, which displayed friends and their phone numbers. He described doing so while gathering information about whom to call.

Halbach's online phone records — Hillegas said Halbach had not shared her online-account password with him. He said he and Kelly Bitsen worked out access, possibly using her sisters' birthdays, but he was unsure of the password.

Proposed evidence about whether voice mails were accessed on November 2 — The court said it had reserved ruling on the defense request to introduce evidence about whether the voicemails were accessed on November 2 and the details of any access. The parties were discussing whether the matter could be resolved or additional evidence was needed.

Teresa Halbach's online cell phone records, printed by Hillegas and others — Hillegas said several people worked out account access and printed Halbach's online cell-phone records. He said they looked for calls she had made and other friends' numbers, then provided the information to law enforcement.

Documents & Records (245)

Exhibit 361 — The Cingular report contains call-activity entries for Halbach's cellular account. Schadrie testified that the report did not itself identify named call recipients or show whether the 4:35 p.m. call reached voicemail, and the court admitted it without objection on Day 12. Zimmerman later testified that there was no activity from Halbach's mobile phone after about 2:41 p.m.; Dohrwardt interpreted the Icell entries as showing no cell-site communication for the 4:35 p.m. call, but said she did not know for a fact what that column represented.

Avery7 mentions

Crime Lab contamination log — Culhane described the log as a record used to troubleshoot contamination incidents and possible laboratory-wide problems. She said an earlier deviation she recalled was not documented in the log because it predated the logged instances. The defense cited the log in its renewed fair-testing motion, while the State characterized it as a corrective-action record.

Avery6 mentions

Exhibit 435 — LeBeau said the report contained his findings and conclusions but did not state how much EDTA was detected in Avery’s blood vial. He testified that he had not personally conducted an EDTA-stability study before issuing the report, although he had consulted published literature.

Avery6 mentions

Exhibit 372 — The four-page report lists voicemails for Teresa Halbach’s account, including ten classified as old and eight as incoming unopened. Zimmerman said it did not show when messages were retrieved or heard, and the court admitted Exhibit 372 on Day 19.

Avery5 mentions

Exhibit 434 — The procedure describes screening and confirmation of EDTA in suspected bloodstains, and the court admitted Exhibit 434 on Day 17. LeBeau testified that it was not validated to measure a specific EDTA amount and described a reversal of its written ion-analysis sequence as a minor deviation.

Avery5 mentions

Exhibit 436 — LeBeau described the peer-reviewed 1997 article as the source on which his laboratory essentially based its method for testing bloodstains for EDTA. The court admitted Exhibit 436 on Day 17, and Janine Arvizu identified it during Day 20 cross-examination as a reference she had read.

Avery5 mentions

Exhibit 437 — LeBeau identified Exhibit 437 as an August 1997 Analytical Chemistry article titled Determining EDTA in Blood. The court admitted it on Day 17, and cross-examination addressed its method and its discussion of earlier FBI EDTA testing.

Avery5 mentions

Dr. Gordon's report — Gordon described the report as a summary of his observations, evaluation, and tests. Armentrout said he found no specific connection in it between descriptions of Dassey and the conduct alleged in the case.

Dassey4 mentions

Exhibit 125 — The five-page running log was marked for identification, and Bowe identified his initials on one page. Steier later described Exhibit 125 as an outer-perimeter log showing Lenk's name for March 2. The court reserved ruling on its admission when it was first offered.

Avery4 mentions

Exhibit 216 — Wiegert identified Exhibit 216 as the transcript of Dassey's March 1, 2006 video interview. Counsel used passages in questioning Wiegert, and Gordon later read passages while discussing interview pressure and changes in answers. The court received the transcript under previously discussed conditions that were not restated in the supplied exchange.

Dassey4 mentions

Exhibit 359 — Dohrwardt identified Exhibit 359 as the Cellcom record she produced for Avery's incoming and outgoing cellular calls. She confirmed that its 4:35 p.m. call entry to Halbach was marked answered with an 11-second duration, though the record did not distinguish a person answering from voicemail. The court received the exhibit.

Avery4 mentions

Exhibit 362 — The summary listed call types, contacts, times, and durations, but Schadrie agreed that it omitted some calls to and from Halbach's phone and that her Exhibit 361 records did not themselves identify the named recipients. The defense objected to the summary as presented, and counsel discussed changes without an admission ruling in the supplied exchanges.

Avery4 mentions

Exhibit 497 — Riddle identified the exhibit as a copy of his December 5, 2006 report on fingerprint processing of Item KT, with copies of his handwritten notes and the submitted letter attached. He said he received the letter on December 4 and completed his work the next day. The court admitted Exhibit 497 for the purposes discussed.

Avery4 mentions

Dr. Armentrout's curriculum vitae — Armentrout described his curriculum vitae as a summary of his background, training, and work. He said it omitted temporary part-time employment at Kettle Moraine Correctional Institution, and on cross-examination he acknowledged a missing end date in an employment entry.

Dassey3 mentions

Exhibit 142 — The scene log lists Lieutenant Lenk among those signing out on November 5, but Fassbender found no entry showing Lenk signing in on that particular log. Testimony also addressed Colborn's 5:12 p.m. sign-in.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 163 — Kayla wrote the statement on March 7, 2006, after investigators spoke with her again. Testimony addressed what she had reported Brendan told her about a fire and about Teresa in Steven Avery’s residence; Kayla later said reported claims were untrue and that she had been confused.

Dassey3 mentions

Exhibit 17 — Exhibit 17 is an Auto Trader photo shoot lead for a same-day appointment. Schuster said someone else completed it; Pliszka identified the handwriting as hers and said she filled it out after leaving Halbach a message. The court admitted the form without objection.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 19 — The September 19 appointment report lists Tom Janda at an Avery Road address and includes a note about a hustle shot. Pliszka acknowledged running the report but said that did not mean she took the original lead or read it closely. The court admitted Exhibit 19 without objection.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 194 — Tyson identified the for-sale sign as found in a living-room desk, and Remiker said he selected it from other papers because it bore Halbach's phone number. When asked about the Zander Road address and the number, Tyson said he did not know whether they were connected.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 208 — Wiegert identified Exhibit 208 as Dassey’s bedroom drawing and distinguished it from a computer-generated depiction based on statements by Dassey and Jodi Stachowski. When questioned about the bed depiction, Dassey said he had made it up rather than observed it.

Dassey3 mentions

Exhibit 214 — Lenk identified Exhibit 214 as a September 19, 2002, evidence transmittal form in his handwriting for the State Crime Lab. He said it did not document a blood vial and that he had no knowledge of one. The court admitted the exhibit without objection.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 224 — The September 16, 2005 document contained a teacher’s observations of Dassey’s classroom behavior, including limited facial expression and a seemingly blank stare. During cross-examination, a witness read its note that he shrugged when he did not know an answer.

Dassey3 mentions

Exhibit 28 — Zipperer read her written statement silently and said it refreshed her recollection of when the visit occurred. On Day 2, the court agreed to receive Exhibit 28 for its limited use rather than admit it in its entirety; in a later Day 6 discussion, the judge said it should remain marked but not received.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 344 — Culhane identified Exhibit 344 as a copy of a receipt listing the return of Steven Avery's buccal swabs to the Manitowoc County Sheriff's Department. Later testimony addressed the swab envelope, and Culhane said none of its seals were broken.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 439 — The notice stated that the Sybers testing results for succinylmonocholine remained accurate, but that opinions treating those results as scientific certainty of prior succinylcholine exposure were not correct. LeBeau discussed later testing with more sensitive equipment during his testimony on Days 16 and 17.

Avery3 mentions

Avery's 1985 case file — Zigmunt testified that the closed, dismissed 1985 file remained upstairs because it was frequently requested. She said its usual storage place was a filing cabinet, not the viewing desk shown in a photograph, and disputed that a visitor entering the inner office would necessarily encounter it.

Avery2 mentions

Dr. Eisenberg's report — Fairgrieve testified that he reviewed Dr. Eisenberg's report and photographs and agreed with several of her skeletal findings. He accepted the report's identification of human bone at two locations but questioned whether the recovery documentation could establish the original burn location.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 115, FBI laboratory report describing identification of three electronic devices — Heimerl identified Exhibit 115 as a two-page FBI laboratory report by Curtis Thomas. He attributed to that report the identification of recovered electronic components as coming from a Canon A310 PowerShot camera, a Motorola RAZR telephone, and a Palm Zire 31 PDA; the court later received the exhibit without objection.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 123 — Bobby Dassey identified Exhibit 123 as the tag for a deer hanging in the garage and confirmed its November 4, 2005 issuance date. The tag was passed to the jury without objection on Day 4 and later admitted.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 124 — Exhibit 124 was Dedering's report, shown to Bobby Dassey while counsel questioned his recollection of what Halbach wore. Bobby said he did not independently remember the trouser color at trial but acknowledged an earlier report of black trousers; counsel later said the exhibit had been used only to refresh recollection.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 147 — Fassbender described Exhibit 147 as an entry log for access to the Avery property rather than a log specific to the residence or garage. Steier confirmed that it showed Lieutenant Lenk arriving at 1810; the testimony did not establish that Fassbender independently recalled that arrival.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 159 — Ertl confirmed that Exhibit 159 described his qualifications, training, and experience. The court admitted the statement without objection after his Day 6 testimony.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 160 — Exhibit 160 was an email exchange between Ertl and Fassbender about why Ertl's team had not photographed the burn pit area and another location. Ertl said the emails explained that more thorough photographic records likely would have been made had his team worked the scenes from start to finish; the court later admitted the exhibit.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 18 — Schuster identified Exhibit 18 as a photographer's detailed appointment report from an earlier day. She explained that the report was initially sent with typed appointment information and later acquired handwriting; the court admitted it on Day 2.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 198 — The pocket notebook was found at the living-room computer desk and contained a number identified in testimony as Halbach's cell number. A separate phrase appeared in a different ink, and Remiker said he did not know whether the two writings were connected.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 200 — Tyson identified an envelope from the University of Wisconsin Law School addressed to Steven Avery and found inside the trailer, but questioned whether its address was Avery's correct one. He also acknowledged a letter inside it; the court sustained an objection when counsel began to ask about the letter's contents.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 202 — Exhibit 202 was a copy of Anthony O'Neill's supplemental report, apart from added highlighting. On cross-examination, he acknowledged that the report said he confronted Brendan, while disputing that his manner had been confrontational; the court later received the exhibit.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 203 — Exhibit 203 was a transcript of Brendan Dassey's recorded interview. O'Neill identified it as the transcript he had compared with the audio and said it was accurate to the best of his knowledge; the court later received it.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 207 — Exhibit 207 depicted a knife that Brendan Dassey acknowledged drawing. During cross-examination, he agreed with questions about what he had previously told police the depicted knife represented.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 209 — Exhibit 209 was a garage drawing that Brendan Dassey acknowledged making. In cross-examination, he denied that a depicted area was where he cleaned up, despite agreeing that he had identified it that way to police.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 210 — Exhibit 210 depicted a burn area. Brendan Dassey acknowledged drawing it and, when questioned about its depiction of Teresa Halbach in a burn pit, said he had made that account up.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 213 — Colborn identified a statement he wrote in 2003 about an earlier detective's call. Exhibit 213 was marked, but counsel said it need not be offered and later described it as used to refresh recollection.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 214, Miranda rights form read before the Two Rivers videotaped statement — Wiegert identified Exhibit 214 as the Miranda rights form read before the videotaped statement at Two Rivers. The court received it without objection on Day 5, and a Day 6 procedural discussion confirmed that it had been received.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 215, February 27 interview report and transcript — Exhibit 215 contained a report and transcript of Dassey's February 27 interview with Wiegert and Fassbender. It was marked during Day 5 questioning and received on Day 6 only for the specifically identified purposes and referenced questions.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 217 — Exhibit 217 was a compilation of Brendan Dassey's Mishicot School District records that a school counselor identified as an accurate copy. During cross-examination, the witness consulted it for his 2002 math scores; the court later received it for the reasons it had been used.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 218 — Exhibit 218 was Brendan Dassey's September 29, 2005 individualized education program, covering goals and special-education services. Testimony addressed its descriptions of language and memory difficulties and its statement that he was reading at the end-of-fourth-grade level while in tenth grade.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 219 — Exhibit 219 contained September 2005 reevaluation summary pages used in preparing Brendan Dassey's IEP. A witness read findings about delays in reading and language skills; later testimony identified the exhibit as an eligibility evaluation marking specific learning disability and speech or language impairment, but not cognitive disability.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 220 — Exhibit 220 was a speech and language evaluation report based on testing in September 2005. A school witness read its findings of delayed receptive and expressive language and memory skills, including an overall language score of 66; defense counsel later cited selected test results in closing argument.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 310 — Culhane identified Exhibit 310 as a copy of the laboratory's DNA protocols, including testing steps and interpretation guidelines, and said she followed them in this case. A later summary of her cross-examination contrasted the ordinary rule after a contaminated manipulation control with the deviation she said was approved for the bullet result.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 420, cartridge-casing examination worksheet — Newhouse identified Exhibit 420 as a worksheet documenting his examination of cartridge casings. During the Day 14 exhibit discussion, counsel described it as mismarked and not discussed, then withdrew it; the court directed the clerk to keep a copy.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 433 — On direct examination, LeBeau identified an Exhibit 433 as his curriculum vitae. During cross-examination, a document marked Exhibit 433 was used to question him about an instrument printout for a positive control; the supplied testimony does not reconcile those descriptions.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 441 — LeBeau identified Exhibit 441 as guidelines followed by the FBI Laboratory Chemistry Unit's toxicology sub-unit. He agreed that a mass-spectrum match or mismatch alone generally could not establish a compound's presence or absence and that the conclusion required consideration of all generated data.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 444 — Exhibit 444 comprised LeBeau's summary and notes on a later study of ten blood spot cards about 33 months old. He said free-acid EDTA was detected in all ten, while four did not yield a qualifying iron-complex finding; he did not treat those four results as proof of degradation.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 446 — Arvizu said Exhibit 446 appeared to be the package she received for review, including a letter and FBI Laboratory materials. Counsel distinguished the materials from the shorter report, describing them as lab sheets and data; the court admitted the exhibit on Day 16.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 498 — Riddle identified Exhibit 498 as his December 7, 2005 report about fingerprint processing of the RAV4 and items recovered from it. The court admitted it after the Day 18 testimony.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 499 — Arvizu identified Exhibit 499 as a copy of her résumé summarizing her education, areas of expertise, and professional experience. The court admitted it without objection on Day 20.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 500 — Arvizu identified Exhibit 500 as instrument data from the February 16 LC/MS run, arranged in sequence and covering questioned, known, and control samples. The data set was marked during her testimony and later admitted without objection.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 501 — Dr. Fairgrieve's curriculum vitae was shown during his Day 20 direct examination to introduce his background. The court later admitted Exhibit 501 without objection.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit No. 10 — The missing-person posters identified Teresa Halbach and gave descriptive information about her. Michael Halbach described their preparation and distribution, Ryan Hillegas identified the posters he picked up, and the court admitted Exhibit No. 10.

Avery2 mentions

FBI EDTA testing protocol — Arvizu described the FBI EDTA protocol as a qualitative method and said its stated instrument detection limit did not establish the detection limit for a dried bloodstain. She testified that a positive result reasonably indicated EDTA's presence, while a non-detection near the limit could not establish its absence.

Avery2 mentions

Karla Eisenberg's curriculum vitae — Eisenberg identified the document as her résumé or curriculum vitae, covering her accomplishments and professional affiliations. The court admitted it as Exhibit 381 on Day 13 of the Avery trial and as Exhibit 199 on Day 4 of the Dassey trial.

AveryDassey2 mentions

Newhouse's curriculum vitae — Newhouse identified Exhibit 416 as his curriculum vitae describing his training and experience in crime laboratories. The court admitted it without objection during a Day 19 exhibit discussion.

Avery2 mentions

Richard Simley's curriculum vitae — Simley identified the document as an accurate account of his education and professional experience in forensic dentistry. The court admitted it as Exhibit 374 on Day 13 of the Avery trial and as Exhibit 182 on Day 3 of the Dassey trial.

AveryDassey2 mentions

133 and 136 — The defense identified Exhibits 133 and 136 as the two witnesses' curricula vitae and objected that their qualifications had already been covered in testimony. The court received the exhibits but reserved any decision about what would be published to or sent back to the jury.

Dassey1 mention

134 and 135 — The defense described Exhibits 134 and 135 as reports and asked to be heard if the jury later sought them. The court received the exhibits while reserving what, if anything, would be published to or sent back to the jury.

Dassey1 mention

136 — Olson identified Exhibit 136 as a statement of his qualifications that he prepared before testifying about his examinations.

Dassey1 mention

146 and 147 — Exhibits 146 and 147 were shown to Steier while counsel discussed possible logs. Steier said he had not seen the particular documents and believed they concerned the trailer rather than the garage.

16-PF computer-generated report — The 16-PF computer-generated report presented hypotheses based on Brendan Dassey's questionnaire scores. Gordon described the test as a personality test, not an IQ test, and acknowledged that he had not included its verbal-concepts hypothesis in his report.

Dassey1 mention

2002 transmittal of hair and fingernail cuttings, which the defense said did not include a blood vial — During Day 8 discussion outside the jury's presence, the parties described a 2002 transmittal involving hair and fingernail cuttings. Both sides said the blood vial was not part of that transmittal, while disputing the relevance of further questioning about it.

213, 215–216 — Exhibit 213 was identified as a copy of Colborn's statement, and Exhibit 216 as a copy of Wiegert's report; Buting said they were not offered and had been used to refresh recollection. He also said Exhibit 215 had not been offered.

215 — Exhibit 215 was marked for identification and shown to Lenk to refresh his recollection of an interview with Investigator Steier. After reviewing it, Lenk confirmed the interview and answered questions about what he knew of the Clerk of Court's file.

309–315 — Exhibits 309–315 comprised Culhane's curriculum vitae, a Crime Lab protocol, and five Crime Lab reports, and the court admitted them. Buting expressly distinguished admission of reports 311–315 from any later decision to send them to the jury during deliberations; the court did not rule on that later use.

314 — Exhibit 314 was Culhane's May 8, 2006 report of the bullet-fragment result. Culhane agreed that a contaminated manipulation control ordinarily called for an inconclusive inclusion, that she used a deviation to report the result, and that the final report did not disclose the deviation.

341 — Exhibit 341 was a November 11, 2005 case communication record concerning a call from Fassbender. Culhane acknowledged a recorded request to try to place Halbach in Avery's house or garage but said that information did not affect her analysis.

342 — Exhibit 342 was a case communication record concerning requested testing. In cross-examination, Culhane confirmed references to additional keys and requests involving handcuffs, leg irons, license plates, and a .22-caliber gun.

343 — The email concerned elimination standards and was marked for identification and shown to Culhane to refresh her memory. Buting said he would not offer it as trial evidence, and the court directed questioning without referring to the attorney conversation.

345 — The form's identified subject was proficiency-test review; no particular test result or finding was described for it.

347 — Exhibit 347 was the laboratory deviation request form for interpretation of the bullet test after a contaminated manipulation control. The form lacked a supervisor signature, but Culhane said the deviation had been approved; her final report did not mention it.

356 — Exhibit 356 was marked for identification and shown to Tadych to refresh his recollection of an earlier police account. After reading it, he said he may have told police he arrived home at 3:15 but did not remember saying so.

357 — Exhibit 357 was a report of Tadych's November 29 interview, marked for identification and shown to refresh his recollection. He then confirmed telling police he had seen two people by a fire behind Steven Avery's garage between 5:15 and 5:30 p.m., although at trial he said he first remembered the fire on a later visit.

358 — Exhibit 358 was Investigator Dedering's report of a March 30 interview with Tadych, marked for identification and shown to refresh his recollection. Tadych confirmed that he had said Barb spent the night at his residence and, to his knowledge, went directly to work from there.

360 and 362 — During Day 19 procedural discussion, counsel described the exhibits as State-prepared phone-record summaries. The State said it would not offer them after a proposed “answered” column remained disputed.

418 — During Newhouse’s Day 14 direct examination, the court received Exhibits 418 and 419, his two reports, without objection. The excerpt does not distinguish the contents of Exhibit 418 from those of the other report.

419 — During Newhouse’s Day 14 direct examination, the court received Exhibits 418 and 419, his two reports, without objection. The excerpt does not distinguish the contents of Exhibit 419 from those of the other report.

425 — Exhibit 425 was displayed during Newhouse’s Day 14 cross-examination as his worksheet for bullets FL and FK. It included bullet measurements and handwritten examination notes, but Newhouse agreed it did not record the minimum matching-striae count he had discussed.

432 — During Day 15 testimony, Jentzen identified Exhibit 432 as a copy of his curriculum vitae describing his papers, presentations, and other academic work. The court later admitted it without objection.

452 — Zigmunt identified Exhibit 452 on Day 17 as a stipulation filed in an earlier Avery case concerning provision of a DNA sample. The court admitted it with the other exhibits she identified, except Exhibit 467.

453 — Zigmunt identified Exhibit 453 on Day 17 as a November 29, 1995 order, made in conjunction with the stipulation, directing Avery to submit a DNA sample. The court admitted it with the other identified exhibits, except Exhibit 467.

454 — Zigmunt described Exhibit 454 on Day 17 as a December 6, 1995 letter from Robert R. Henak to the clerk’s office confirming a request for a copy of the DNA-sample order to be sent to Elaine Wheeler. The court admitted it with the other identified exhibits, except Exhibit 467.

455 — Zigmunt described Exhibit 455 on Day 17 as a December 12, 1995 letter from deputy clerk Shirley Wilda to Elaine Wheeler enclosing certified copies of the DNA-sample stipulation and order. The court admitted it with the other identified exhibits, except Exhibit 467.

456 — Zigmunt described Exhibit 456 on Day 17 as a December 12, 1995 letter to Robert R. Henak enclosing the stipulation and order and confirming that certified copies had been mailed to Elaine Wheeler. The court admitted it with the other identified exhibits, except Exhibit 467.

457 — Zigmunt described Exhibit 457 on Day 17 as an undated Lab Corp letter filed June 6, 1996, whose text referred to enclosing evidence submitted for analysis. She thought it appeared to concern the return of evidence, but did not state that as a certainty.

467 — When shown Exhibit 467 during Day 17 testimony, Zigmunt said it was not the public file-access log she had described and that she had not seen it before. The State did not offer the exhibit.

Affidavit for the initial search warrant — The initial search-warrant affidavit stated Wiegert's belief that Teresa Halbach was a crime victim, citing her lack of contact with family and her employer and the discovery of her vehicle. In ruling on the renewed suppression motion, the court rejected the defense's argument that early treatment of the case as a missing-person matter undercut those representations.

Amended expert-witness disclosure for Scott Fairgrieve — The amended expert-witness disclosure for Scott Fairgrieve described a proposed opinion about whether cremains had originally burned in a barrel. Counsel disputed whether the disclosure had conveyed an opinion excluding that site or an inability to determine or rule out a burn site.

Anonymous handwritten letter — The anonymous handwritten letter had been examined for fingerprints, with no usable prints found according to the court's account. After objections to displaying it, the court permitted counsel to identify the letter in limited questioning without showing it.

Anonymous letter referring to an aluminum smelter — Fassbender acknowledged awareness of an anonymous letter referring to a body being burned in an aluminum smelter, while saying he was unsure of its exact wording. He testified that arson investigators had examined the smelter and found no indication that it had been used recently.

Bailiff's note reporting the juror's question about her prior trial — The jury bailiff's note reported that a juror recognized, after Remiker testified, that she had served on a prior jury in a trial involving him and asked whether that posed a problem. The court shared the note with counsel before deciding what further action to take.

bill of sale — The bill of sale came up during Fassbender's Day 5 recross-examination. Fassbender agreed that it had no date and could have been made at an unspecified time.

Brendan Dassey's drawing showing the bed's location — Brendan Dassey's drawing showed the bed's location and had been introduced as an exhibit. During a Day 9 motion discussion, the parties disputed its corroborative value, and the court relied on it when denying the defense motion.

Dassey1 mention

Brendan Dassey's school records — Gordon testified that he reviewed Brendan Dassey's school records after forming his initial opinion. He said he had not noted school testing of suggestibility and did not consider that omission unusual for school records.

Dassey1 mention

Brendan's school records — Gordon said the school records included behavioral records, progress notes, and individualized education program reports. He acknowledged school-related memory challenges but said he had not read the word “suggestible” in the records and did not recall an entry saying Brendan was easily influenced.

Dassey1 mention

Cell-phone records for Avery's calls to Teresa Halbach — The cell-phone records reflected calls by Avery to Teresa Halbach, including calls discussed at 2:24, 2:33, and 4:35 p.m. In closing argument, defense counsel compared those calls while challenging the significance attributed to the later call.

Colborn's June 2006 report entry about his November 3 meeting with Avery — Colborn's June 2006 report entry concerned his November 3 meeting with Avery. The Day 7 cross-examination context identifies it as a later account for which Colborn said he had no rough notes.

Colborn's November 2005 report, which did not mention the Toyota key — Colborn agreed that his November 2005 report did not mention the Toyota key. Counsel addressed that omission after eliciting his agreement that reports should be timely and accurate and may be used to test later accounts.

Computer-generated 16-PF results — The computer-generated printout summarized 16-PF test results concerning Brendan Dassey. During Day 8 testimony, Armentrout discussed a statement about Dassey's ability to manipulate verbal concepts and criticized the report's broad, sometimes inconsistent descriptions.

Dassey1 mention

Contamination log dating to 2001 and Culhane's remaining file, including bench sheets; the State agreed to produce the log, and Culhane said she would bring the file Monday. — The contamination log dated back to 2001, while the copy Buting said he had dated back only to 2004. On Day 10, the State agreed to produce the earlier log, and Culhane said she would bring the rest of her file on Monday.

Court-reporter excerpt of the challenged cross-examination question and answer — The court reporter prepared a brief excerpt of a cross-examination question to Fairgrieve and his answer. In the Day 22 discussion, Strang argued that the question implied the defense had failed to give fair notice of Fairgrieve's opinions, while Fallon said the State did not intend to make that argument.

Cramer's November 2005 report — Cramer testified on Day 5 that she had prepared the report in November 2005 but did not have it with her. Strang then left her a report that might refresh her recollection and said he would not mark it at that point.

Crime Lab report about a suspected gunshot wound — Wiegert testified on Day 6 that someone at the Crime Lab wrote a report about a suspected gunshot wound on February 27 and that investigators received it on February 28. He did not rule out earlier conversations about the subject.

Dassey1 mention

Culhane's laboratory notes and deviation request — Culhane testified on Day 11 that her deviation request and information about her DNA profile in the control were in her notes. She also said she had turned the notes over to the defense.

Dassey's school records, which Gordon said he reviewed after writing his report — Gordon testified on Day 8 that he reviewed school records describing learning problems and educational programming dating back at least to fourth grade. He said he reviewed the school documents concerning memory after writing his report.

Dassey1 mention

DCI Report No. 180, used to refresh Fassbender's recollection but not marked or offered as an exhibit — Buting identified DCI Report No. 180 as the report Fassbender had used to refresh his recollection. In the Day 5 discussion, Buting said it had not been offered as an exhibit and did not need to be marked at that time; Kratz agreed it had been used only to refresh recollection.

Defendant's Motion to Assure Fair Forensic Testing — The Defendant's Motion to Assure Fair Forensic Testing was an earlier defense filing that Buting invoked during a Day 12 procedural discussion. He argued that contamination and consumption of the bullet sample had prevented a defense retest.

Defense-described summary and amended notice of Dr. Fairgrieve's expert opinions — Strang said on Day 22 that the defense had supplied a summary of Fairgrieve's opinions and their basis rather than a report. He said the defense provided more specific notice after the court directed it to do so.

Discovery material at page 259 concerning the alleged statement — Page 259 was discovery material concerning a statement attributed to Avery. On Day 3, the court said the material and Bobby Dassey's testimony differed on the date of the statement, a difference that could affect its credibility.

DNA testing protocol on manipulation controls — During Day 11 recross-examination, Culhane agreed that the protocol treats specimens extracted alongside a manipulation control with identifiable DNA peaks as inconclusive for match purposes. The questioning contrasted that ordinary rule with her deviation request.

Dr. Eisenberg's reports, preliminary-examination testimony, and photographs of bone fragments — During Day 20 cross-examination, Fairgrieve said he had received Eisenberg's reports, a transcript of her preliminary-examination testimony, and CDs containing photographs. He confirmed that the photographs covered a substantial number of the bone fragments she examined, though not necessarily all of them.

Dr. Eisenberg's two reports — On Day 20, Fairgrieve was asked whether Eisenberg's two reports, her testimony, or the photographs he had reviewed showed that the body was dismembered before burning. He answered that he had seen no such evidence.

Dr. Gordon's test materials and handwritten notes — Armentrout testified on Day 8 that he had received copies of Gordon's test materials, report, and handwritten notes. He identified them among the materials he reviewed before giving his opinion.

Dassey1 mention

Dr. Trowbridge's article, Suggestibility and Confessions — Armentrout testified on Day 8 that he received a copy of Trowbridge's article, Suggestibility and Confessions, among materials provided for his review before testifying.

Dassey1 mention

Earlier sworn transcript concerning Lenk's arrival time — In Day 24 closing argument, Strang said an earlier sworn transcript placed Lenk's arrival at 6:30 or 7:00 in one answer and in the late afternoon in another. He contrasted those answers with Lenk's trial account of arriving at 2:00.

Eisenberg's first report, page nine — During Day 14 cross-examination, Eisenberg was directed to page nine of her first report while being questioned about charred fragments. She said she continued to suspect that three pelvic-area fragments might be human but could not be certain.

Eisenberg's reports and tag-number spreadsheet — Eisenberg consulted her second report's tag-number spreadsheet and was directed to page four of her first report during Day 13 cross-examination. She noted that the spreadsheet lacked reference locations for the tags and said the package labeled as being from north of the burn pile contained no bone.

Exhibit 10 — Karen Halbach identified the receipt as showing a Target purchase of Teresa Halbach's PDA on November 15, 2004. The court received Exhibit 10 with the other exhibits offered during her testimony.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 129 — Cramer identified Exhibit 129 on Day 5 as Brutus’s last land-cadaver evaluation before the call in this case and testified that he passed its wilderness and urban tests. She said an evaluation source included cremated remains, while clarifying that there was no separate test for detecting them.

Exhibit 133 — Newhouse described the curriculum vitae as an account of his training, background, and work experience. The court later received Exhibit 133 but said the curriculum vitae would not be published to the jury, reserving any later question of jury access.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 134 — Newhouse identified his February 21, 2006 report as describing his examination and comparison of cartridge casings and his findings about the rifle marked Exhibit 129. The court received the report while reserving what, if anything, would be published to or sent back to the jury.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 135 — Newhouse identified the May 10, 2006 report as describing his examination of the bullets marked Exhibits 113 and 114 and his findings about whether they were fired from the rifle marked Exhibit 129.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 146 — Fassbender described Exhibit 146 on Day 5 as a March 2 entry log of the same general type as a road-entry log shown alongside it. During cross-examination, he read Lenk’s name as logged at 8:49 a.m.; the excerpt does not place Lenk inside the garage.

Exhibit 148 — During Day 5 redirect examination, Fassbender recalled that a note bearing Halbach’s phone number was seized from Avery’s computer table on November 5. Exhibit 148 was marked for identification; the excerpt does not record its admission.

Exhibit 149 — Fassbender identified Exhibit 149 on Day 5 as another sign bearing Halbach’s phone number, seized from the same computer table on November 5. It was marked for identification, with no admission recorded in the excerpt.

Exhibit 150 — Fassbender recalled during Day 5 redirect examination that an Auto Trader magazine was seized from Avery’s residence that evening. Exhibit 150 was marked for identification, with no admission recorded in the excerpt.

Exhibit 151 — Fassbender recalled during Day 5 redirect examination that a bill of sale was found on Avery’s computer table and seized on November 5. Exhibit 151 was marked for identification, with no admission recorded in the excerpt.

Exhibit 164 — Culhane said the curriculum vitae listed her qualifications, classes, and educational seminars. The court received Exhibit 164 without objection during her testimony.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 165 — Stahlke described the curriculum vitae as a summary of his training, education, and experience in blood-pattern analysis. The court later received Exhibit 165 with Exhibits 166 and 167 without objection.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 197, 198 and 199 — Exhibits 197, 198, and 199 were notebooks discussed during Tyson’s Day 7 cross-examination, including a page bearing Halbach’s phone number. Tyson said he saw Exhibits 197 and 199 on November 5 but that they were not collected that night; a later answer left the collection timing unresolved.

Exhibit 20 — Pliszka identified Exhibit 20 on Day 2 as a lead report she ran at 7:08 a.m. on October 31 and would have faxed for Halbach’s daily schedule. She agreed it listed one appointment, for George Zipperer, although she knew Halbach had more than one that day.

Exhibit 201 — Tyson identified Exhibit 201 on Day 6 as an Auto Trader bill of sale. He believed Remiker found it, but was unsure whether it was on or in the computer desk.

Exhibit 202 — Tyson identified Exhibit 202 on Day 6 as an Auto Trader magazine that Remiker found on top of the living-room computer desk, open to page 114. Tyson said he was unsure whether the open page had significance.

Exhibit 206 — Wiegert identified Exhibit 206 as the Calumet County Sheriff's Department Warning and Waiver of Rights form. He described its printed rights and questions about understanding those rights and wishing to make a statement, along with the handwriting on the form.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 21 — Pliszka identified Exhibit 21 on Day 2 as an earlier lead sheet bearing a note about rescheduling for Monday. She agreed it concerned an October 29 appointment and that the noted last name was Sippel.

Exhibit 217-221, 223, and 224 — The court received Exhibits 217 through 221, 223, and 224 after Kris Schoenenberger-Gross's testimony, for the reasons they had been used. Defense counsel said Exhibit 222 was not offered.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 22 — Pliszka identified Exhibit 22 on Day 2 as a lead form for B. Janda containing information supplied by a caller on October 31. She said she believed she changed the appointment to that Monday and that a same-day form ordinarily would not print until the next day.

Exhibit 221 — Schoenenberger-Gross identified Exhibit 221 as an individualized education program dated October 12, 2004, and said it did not include evaluation results. She read a handwritten passage about Brendan's limited eye contact and participation in discussions.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 223 — Schoenenberger-Gross identified Exhibit 223 as her report on testing she conducted in October 2002. She described a General Intellectual Ability score of 78 as borderline to below average and read an assessment placing Brendan's short-term memory in the well-below-average to borderline range.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 226 — Gordon confirmed that Exhibit 226 was the curriculum vitae he had referenced while describing his professional memberships. Counsel later moved to offer it with other exhibits, but the supplied exchange contains no admission ruling.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 23 — Pliszka identified Exhibit 23 on Day 2 as an October 10 lead sheet she prepared, with writing she thought was Halbach’s and a “done” notation beside Steve Avery’s name. She said the appointment appeared to have been arranged privately, while expressing uncertainty about the vehicle involved.

Exhibit 24 — Pliszka said Exhibit 24 looked like a photographer's privately prepared log and that its writing looked like Halbach's. She could not be certain of its date or whether it was connected to Exhibit 23.

Exhibit 26 — Zipperer identified Exhibit 26 as materials Halbach left after photographing a car, including a bill of sale and a for-sale sign. The court admitted it without objection.

Exhibit 264 — Kucharski identified Exhibit 264 as a copy of the property inventory he completed for collected .22 long-rifle casings and other items. Buting moved to admit the sheet after cross-examination, but the supplied record does not show an admission ruling.

Exhibit 309 — Culhane identified Exhibit 309 as her curriculum vitae, listing her classes and educational background. The court later admitted it with the other exhibits offered at the end of her testimony.

Exhibit 311–315 — Culhane identified Exhibits 311 through 315 as her five Crime Lab reports, issued between November 2005 and December 2006. She said each contained findings and conclusions from her DNA testing.

Exhibit 355 — Exhibit 355 was a report of Blaine Dassey's November 7 interview. After reviewing it, Blaine agreed that he had previously told officers there had been no bonfires and that he had not seen Steve between 3:30 and 5 p.m. on October 31. The judge allowed review to refresh Blaine's recollection but said that would not make the report evidence.

Exhibit 361 and 372 — Exhibit 361 was identified in closing argument as Halbach's cellphone records, and Exhibit 372 as voicemail information. Kratz discussed the records' call times and an incoming voicemail he said Halbach had not retrieved; his account of what those entries meant was argument.

Exhibit 378 — Karen Halbach identified Exhibit 378 as a Target receipt for a Palm Zire 31 and agreed that it bore a November 15, 2004 purchase date. The court admitted it without objection.

Exhibit 379 — Karen Halbach identified Exhibit 379 as a receipt for Teresa Halbach's cellphone. The court admitted it without objection.

Exhibit 380 — Karen Halbach identified Exhibit 380 as the contract for Teresa Halbach's cellphone and read the model on its back page as a Motorola V3. The court admitted it without objection.

Exhibit 403 — Thomas identified Exhibit 403 as his curriculum vitae, describing his work and current position. The court admitted it without objection.

Exhibit 414 — Thomas identified Exhibit 414 as the report he prepared after examining electronic evidence. He said it included his identifications of a Motorola RAZR phone, a Canon PowerShot A310 camera, and a Palm Zire 31; the court admitted the report without objection.

Exhibit 432 — Jentzen described Exhibit 432 as a roughly 24-page curriculum vitae documenting his papers, presentations, and other academic work. The court later admitted it without objection.

Exhibit 433–437 — The State moved to admit Exhibits 433 through 437 during Day 16 procedural discussion. The defense did not object, and the court admitted the exhibits marked that day.

Exhibit 438 — LeBeau identified Exhibit 438 as a declaration he had made in another case involving EDTA. It was among the defense-marked exhibits the court admitted without objection after his cross-examination.

Exhibit 438–446 — The defense identified Exhibits 438 through 446 as items marked during LeBeau's cross-examination. The court admitted the group without objection.

Exhibit 440 — Counsel presented Exhibit 440 as an EDTA testing order from the Cooper case, then accepted the distinction between a court order and a testing protocol. LeBeau said he had not read the order in detail or used the Cooper protocol when developing his procedure for this case.

Exhibit 442 — Exhibit 442 was a chart summarizing a series of tests, including Q-49 detection-limit entries. During cross-examination, LeBeau discussed the chart's entries and explained why he ruled a result negative despite a chart indication.

Exhibit 445 — Counsel showed LeBeau Exhibit 445, described as a public-domain list of everyday products containing EDTA. LeBeau considered it a reasonably reliable product database but said the FBI had not tested the listed products or their EDTA levels.

Exhibit 471–474 — Buting described Exhibits 471 through 474 as four hard copies of material previously shown and proposed introducing them by stipulation. They were marked for identification; the supplied admission ruling covered Exhibits 468 through 471, not the entire 471-through-474 group.

Exhibit 479 — LeBeau identified Exhibit 479 as an internal FBI communication requesting analysis in this case. During cross-examination, he read its stated purpose concerning EDTA in the blood vial and said he could not speak for his supervisors' views of the results.

Exhibit 480 — LeBeau confirmed that Exhibit 480 was Jason Brewer's curriculum vitae. Questioning addressed a job description mentioning expert testimony, but LeBeau said Brewer was still training as an examiner and was not then certified to testify in that capacity.

Exhibit 5 — Karen Halbach identified Exhibit 5 as Teresa Halbach's missing-person poster and said a representative of Youth Educated in Safety helped the family prepare it. The court received it with the other exhibits offered during her testimony.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 55 — Fassbender identified Exhibit 55 as an Auto Trader bill of sale, a current Auto Trader magazine, and a for-sale sign in a packet received from JoEllen Zipperer. The court received it with the exhibits offered at the end of his testimony.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 56 — Exhibit 56 was identified as Cingular toll and billing records for Teresa Halbach's cell phone. The defense confirmed a stipulation allowing the phone records to be admitted without a records custodian, and the prosecutor later cited Exhibit 56 in closing argument.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 56–57 — Fassbender identified Exhibit 56 as Cingular toll and billing records for Teresa Halbach's cell phone and confirmed Exhibit 57 as Cellcom records for Steven Avery's phone on October 31. Defense counsel confirmed a stipulation allowing the business records to be admitted without records custodians, and the court received them.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 8 — Karen Halbach identified the receipt as being for Teresa's cell phone and said it bore an August 30, 2005 purchase date. The court received Exhibit 8 with the other exhibits offered during her testimony.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 9 — Karen Halbach identified the last page of Exhibit 9 as a Cingular cell-phone provider contract. The court received the exhibit with the other exhibits offered during her testimony.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 99 — Exhibit 99 comprised pages 516 and 517 of a sheriff's department report discussed during a Day 3 hearing outside the jury's presence. The defense acknowledged having the pages for months but disputed whether they adequately gave notice of the oral statement at issue; no admission of the exhibit is shown.

Expert reports, which the defense objected to sending to the jury — On Day 24, Buting objected to sending expert reports to the jury. The court said it would await a jury request before considering materials other than the remaining photographs.

Experts' CVs, which Strang proposed sending without a jury request; the court declined to send them automatically — Strang proposed sending all experts' CVs to the jury without a request. On Day 24, the court declined to send them automatically because it was concerned that sending only CVs alongside the photographs might draw undue attention to them.

Fassbender telephone memo concerning Culhane's testing — In Day 24 closing argument, Strang described a telephone memo concerning Fassbender's communication with Culhane at the Crime Lab. He argued that the memo was inconsistent with the State's account that submitted evidence was tested without a desired answer.

Fassbender's report of a December 8, 2006 interview with Lenk, cited by the defense as a basis for questioning him about who retrieved the items — During a Day 8 procedural discussion, Strang cited Fassbender's report of a December 8, 2006 interview with Lenk as a basis for proposed questioning. Strang said the report described Lenk's account, based on documents and memory, that Shallue obtained hair and fingernail cuttings from the clerk's office and brought them to the sheriff's department for transmittal.

FBI discovery materials containing EDTA testing data, controls, and instrument printouts — The FBI discovery package included pages discussed during LeBeau's Day 16 cross-examination about EDTA testing data and positive controls. Counsel and the court discussed identifying the pages being examined, and Buting proposed marking the whole package so the referenced pages could be located.

FBI EDTA test and protocol — In Day 23 closing argument, Buting characterized the FBI protocol as providing for screening and confirmation when EDTA is present in a suspected bloodstain. He argued that the test's detection limits did not justify treating a non-detection as proof that EDTA was absent.

FBI EDTA test data — Arvizu said differing results for one- and two-microliter samples were not unexpected near a detection limit. She did not believe the data supported the claimed one-microliter detectability.

FBI test data and notes for one-, two-, and five-microliter samples associated with Steven Avery's preserved blood tube — The FBI data and notes included a reported positive EDTA result for a one-microliter sample associated with Avery's preserved blood tube and a non-detection for a two-microliter sample. Arvizu cautioned that a volume-based detection claim also requires information about EDTA concentration.

FBI testing protocol received by the defense — During a Day 7 court discussion, Strang said the defense had received an FBI testing protocol but still lacked an opportunity for independent testing or expert assessment of the FBI's work.

February 27 rights waiver — Edelstein described a rights waiver and Miranda warning presented to Brendan on February 27. He contrasted that document with Wiegert's reported statement that Brendan did not become a suspect until March 1.

Dassey1 mention

Figure 50 of Austin's report, a road map with a GPS-coordinate flag — Austin identified Figure 50 as a map showing nearby roads, approximate locations of the salvage yard and Avery residence, and a red flag generated from GPS coordinates. He clarified that the flagged coordinates came to him while working with Dr. Eisenberg, not from the GPS mapping team.

File from Detective Remiker's 1999 civil lawsuit, obtained by the court and reviewed by the defense — The court obtained the file from Remiker's 1999 civil lawsuit, and Strang described the defense's review of it. He argued that a seated juror's participation in the earlier verdict raised a concern about her assessment of Remiker in this trial.

Fingerprint expert's December 5th report — The court said the fingerprint expert had found no usable fingerprints on a handwritten letter. It permitted the defense to identify the letter as the one examined for the expert's December 5th report, while declining to admit the letter through that expert.

Four GSS-1 pages received by Armentrout — Armentrout said he received four pages labeled GSS-1. He observed writing on the cover page but no handwritten responses on the other three pages.

Dassey1 mention

Gordon's handwritten notes of Brendan's story recall — Gordon said he was reading from notes he had written while Brendan repeated a story. After Kratz said he had requested but not received the notes, the court directed a review of Gordon's file.

Dassey1 mention

Gordon's written evaluation report and State Trait Anger Expression Inventory — Gordon confirmed that his November 15, 2006 report considered the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory. When questioned about the report's reference to anxiety, he said he may have confused the anger inventory with a separate anxiety measure.

Dassey1 mention

Green Bay Packers telephone records — Halbach testified that he accessed Teresa's voicemail on November 3 and later verified the date and time through Green Bay Packers telephone records.

Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale story and scoring materials — Gordon said he changed one word in the scale's story from pounds to dollars when reading it to Brendan. He also acknowledged that immediate recall could have been scored but that he had not scored it.

Dassey1 mention

Hermann's report, consulted about when he left the car-crusher area; he said it listed no departure time — Hermann consulted pages of his report while being asked when he left the car-crusher area. He said the report listed no departure time, and he could not recall how long he had remained there.

Initial Avery-property search warrant application — Remiker confirmed that he was present when Wiegert swore out the application. He agreed that it stated officers expected to find evidence of a homicide, among other potential offenses.

Investigative report prepared by Investigator Dedering — During Day 4 redirect, Bobby Dassey confirmed that Strang had shown him Dedering's investigative report and that he had looked at it that day.

January 25 and February 4 stipulation emails — The attorneys described the January 25 and February 4 emails as reflecting agreements about how certain evidence would be handled. They distinguished most of those agreements from stipulations intended to be read to the jury and discussed placing both emails together in the court record.

Kayla Avery's written statement to officers — Kayla confirmed that she had written a statement with officers. On cross-examination, she agreed that she had made up that earlier account.

Dassey1 mention

Kornely's Sprint phone record, on which he did not find the call — Kornely said he could not find the call on his Sprint record. He was unsure whether he had used his cell phone or a hotel phone and could not recall which it was.

Dassey1 mention

Last 14 pages of the Crime Lab evidence log form, whose availability the parties planned to check — Outside the jury's presence on Day 6, Strang said the parties would check whether they had the last 14 pages of the Crime Lab evidence log form. He did not expect their possible absence to affect the ongoing cross-examination.

Letter concerning the smelter — Fassbender said investigators agreed to a defense request to have the letter examined for fingerprints. He testified that they had already eliminated the smelter as a possible burning location.

Letter directed to the Manitowoc County Sheriff’s Office, with no latent prints suitable for comparison — Riddle testified that his examination of the letter produced no latent prints suitable for analysis or comparison, so he could make no fingerprint identification from it.

log of the personnel coming in and leaving the scene — O'Connor testified that, while stationed on Avery Road on November 10, he kept a log of personnel entering and leaving the scene. The cited testimony did not describe individual entries.

Manitowoc County Sheriff's Department Evidence Transmittal Form — During Day 8 recross-examination, Lenk confirmed that he filled out the Manitowoc County Sheriff's Department Evidence Transmittal Form concerning material from the Clerk's Office.

March 13, 2007 red-lined draft of jury instructions — At the formal jury-instruction conference, the court said its proposed instructions showed changes to an earlier draft. Strang confirmed that he had the March 13 red-lined draft, which extended onto a fourteenth page.

May 8 laboratory report describing the Item FL profile and DNA in the manipulation control consistent with the analyst — Buting read the May 8 report's description of a profile from bullet fragment Item FL consistent with a profile from a pap smear reportedly collected from Teresa Halbach. The report also stated that the manipulation control extracted with Item FL contained DNA consistent with the analyst; Buting said the defense first received the report in June.

MMPI-A answer sheet — During Day 8 cross-examination, Dr. Gordon consulted the answer sheet to give Brendan Dassey's responses to two MMPI-A questions. He cautioned that using individual answers that way would be misleading or a misuse of the test.

Dassey1 mention

Mr. Buckley's letter — During Day 8 cross-examination, Dr. Armentrout said he had reviewed Mr. Buckley's letter. He identified it, rather than school records he described reviewing, as his source for a summary of school IQ scores in the 70s.

Dassey1 mention

Mr. Buckley's report on his intended testimony, supplied to the court and defense; the court said it would review the report again — The State said it had supplied the court and defense with a report of Mr. Buckley's intended testimony and proposed marking and offering it if his testimony were allowed. Defense counsel objected to aspects of the proposed testimony, and the court said it wanted to review the report again.

Dassey1 mention

Mr. Stahlke's two-page report describing contact-transfer stains — Mr. Stahlke's two-page report described contact-transfer stains on the vehicle's seat cushions and dashboard near the ignition switch. During Day 11 discussion outside the jury's presence, counsel disputed whether the report disclosed an opinion connecting a particular injury to those stains.

Nick Stahlke's bloodstain-pattern report — On Day 7, Michael Riddle agreed with a question describing Mr. Stahlke's report as saying that bloodstain patterns in the RAV4 indicated an actively bleeding person.

Dassey1 mention

Nicole Sturm's written statement to law enforcement — On Day 3, Nicole Sturm testified that her written statement said she checked the vehicle's doors, found them locked, and used a tissue rather than her bare hands to do so.

Notes of Ms. Kakatsch's telephone conversations with Mr. Wiegert, described in the defense offer of proof — In a Day 19 oral offer of proof, defense counsel said Ms. Kakatsch had notes documenting telephone conversations with Mr. Wiegert. The account of those conversations was counsel's description of testimony he expected to elicit, not testimony given in the excerpt.

November 5 search warrant — On Day 19, the court outlined the defense's renewed challenge concerning multiple entries under the November 5 search warrant. The court described three parts of the challenge and invited further argument.

November 5 search warrant and later renewal, as described by counsel — During Day 10 argument, defense counsel challenged later searches under the November 5 warrant and sought suppression of observations and evidence from specified areas. The State argued that the warrant supported a continuous search and said it had been renewed later.

November 5 search-warrant affidavit — During Day 18 cross-examination, Mark Wiegert reviewed the affidavit's descriptions of residences and the broader property to be searched. He also confirmed its statement that Teresa Halbach's lack of contact and the location of her vehicle informed his belief that she was the victim of a crime.

November 6 search report, which Strang said described collecting a vacuum cleaner — During Day 8 discussion outside the jury's presence, defense counsel said the November 6 search report described collection of an entire vacuum cleaner. He raised a possible difference between that wording and Remiker's testimony that he could not recall whether the device was a vacuum cleaner or a carpet cleaner.

Original jury questionnaire listing Detective Remiker’s name; the court noted that the juror had not indicated she recognized it. — On Day 10, the court said Detective Remiker's name had appeared on the original jury questionnaire and the juror had not indicated that she recognized it. The court cited that response in discussing the juror's later recognition of him and her ability to remain on the jury.

Orth's report and access log — During Day 4 cross-examination, Orth's report was used to question when he began logging people approaching the vehicle. Orth said he had made rough field notes earlier and prepared a final log later.

Orth's rough field notes — On Day 4, Orth said he began rough notes in a small notepad while standing near the vehicle, before preparing a final log at the staging area. He said he no longer had the rough notes.

Page 259 of the Calumet County Sheriff's Department report, describing Michael Osmunson's account; the defense requested that it be made a Court Exhibit, but no ruling on that request appears here. — Page 259 of the Calumet County Sheriff's Department report recounted Michael Osmunson's account of a conversation involving Steven Avery. During Day 3 argument outside the jury's presence, counsel disputed how its date and joking context compared with Bobby Dassey's testimony. Defense counsel asked that the page be made a Court Exhibit, but the supplied discussion shows no ruling on that request.

Partial transcript of Dr. Diana Lampsa's testimony in the earlier civil case, read from by defense counsel — On Day 22, defense counsel read from a partial transcript of Dr. Diana Lampsa's testimony in Detective Remiker's earlier civil case. Counsel used the passage to argue that Remiker's credibility had been contested in that case.

Prior 14-page decision and order limiting the defense's introduction of direct evidence concerning third-party participation — The court reviewed its prior 14-page decision and order during an objection to the defense's closing argument. It said the order precluded the defense from offering direct evidence that a third party other than Brendan Dassey participated in the charged crimes, but did not expressly limit closing argument.

Receipt Schmitz said Halbach gave him; he said he did not keep it — On Day 2, Steven Schmitz testified that Teresa Halbach gave him a receipt when she photographed his car. He described it as a larger white, common receipt and said he had not kept it.

Remiker's November 3 report — During Day 8 cross-examination, Remiker identified his November 3 report and confirmed that it described George Zipperer as initially not very cooperative.

Remiker's November 4, 2005 report, as described by Strang — In Day 8 discussion outside the jury's presence, defense counsel said Remiker's November 4 report recounted Avery saying that the woman had been on the property numerous times. Counsel raised a possible difference from Remiker's testimony that she had been in the residence.

Report document containing a defendant statement that Strang said had not been disclosed to the defense or prosecution — During Day 8 discussion outside the jury's presence, defense counsel said a report containing the statement had not previously been shared with either the defense or prosecution. He said both sides had obtained copies during the break.

Report of Pearce's interview with agent Alan Hunsader — During Day 1 cross-examination, defense counsel showed Thomas Pearce a report of his interview with agent Alan Hunsader to refresh his recollection about Teresa Halbach's cell phone. Pearce then recalled seeing the phone in her purse when they worked at weddings.

Roadblock check-in log, which Leurquin thought supplied his name to Agent Fassbender — During Day 19 testimony, John Leurquin said he thought Agent Fassbender had obtained his name from a roadblock check-in log. The excerpt does not establish that Fassbender did so.

Second search warrant, which Fallon said officers obtained on Wednesday — During Day 19 argument, the State said officers obtained a second warrant by renewing the original search warrant on Wednesday afternoon and executed it on Thursday. Counsel presented that account as part of the State's response to the challenge to later searches.

Sherry Culhane's report concerning blood in the RAV4 — On Day 7, Michael Riddle said he had seen Sherry Culhane's report and understood it to show Steven Avery's blood in the RAV4. The report arose during questions about blood testing and fingerprint evidence.

Dassey1 mention

Special verdict form from the earlier civil case, which the defense investigator copied — A defense investigator copied the special verdict form from Detective Remiker's earlier civil case. Strang said a juror in Avery's trial had joined that civil verdict and argued that Remiker's credibility had been contested there.

Stack of appointment reports used to count reported hustle shots — The stack of appointment reports was used during Schuster's cross-examination to count reported hustle shots across 15 days. Schuster first counted five, then agreed to 12 when handwritten totals at the tops of forms were included.

Teresa Halbach's telephone number written in two places in Avery's house — Strang said Halbach's cell-phone number was written in two places on Avery's computer desk and remained there when police took control of the property. He argued that leaving the written numbers in place was consistent with innocent conduct.

test results for bullet fragment FL — Buting renewed a fair-testing motion concerning the bullet-fragment FL test results. He alleged that the testing process was contaminated, the sample had been consumed, and an earlier decision had been made without disclosure of a laboratory contamination log; these were defense allegations, not court findings.

The defense's prior proffer concerning a blood vial in the Manitowoc County Clerk of Court's Office and alleged planting of blood in Teresa Halbach's SUV — The defense's written proffer concerned a blood vial in the Clerk of Court's Office and an alleged planting of blood in Halbach's SUV. Kratz questioned whether the defense would pursue that theory, while Strang stood on the written proffer and said the defense case had not begun.

Three Court exhibits copied and faxed to the prospective Cingular telephone witness — Kratz said three Court exhibits had been copied and faxed to a prospective Cingular witness. Counsel were discussing possible telephone testimony about voicemail access and whether the witness would have the same documents available as counsel.

Transmittal form for evidence in the Clerk of Court's Office — Lenk recalled filling out a transmittal form for evidence in the Clerk of Court's Office during the 2002 transfer discussed on cross-examination. He said another deputy, rather than Lenk himself, picked up the earlier case evidence.

Typed transcript discussed as a possible accompanying exhibit — Counsel discussed a written transcript and possible corrections in connection with a CD received as Exhibit 201. The discussion did not establish that the transcript itself was admitted.

Dassey1 mention

Underlying phone records that Kratz said had been received by the court — Kratz said the underlying phone records, which used telephone numbers rather than names, had been received by the court. He distinguished those records from State-prepared summary exhibits that he withdrew after counsel failed to agree on an “answered” column.

Voicemail-access records the defense sought to introduce as showing messages had been opened by 8 a.m. on November 2 — Buting said the records would show access to Halbach's voicemail by 8 a.m. on November 2, while acknowledging that he did not know who accessed it and was not arguing that Halbach was alive then. The State objected on relevance and potential-confusion grounds, and the judge said he needed more time to consider their relevance.

Volunteer search maps, including the map Hillegas gave Pam Sturm — Hillegas said volunteers received maps for assigned road-search areas and could call back for another area after finishing. He said he gave Pam Sturm a map of the area and directions before she went to the Avery Salvage Yard.

Written narrative concerning the February 27, 2006 interview — Gordon said a written narrative was based on a February 27, 2006 interview of Brendan Dassey. He was uncertain whether he had also reviewed another interview.

Dassey1 mention

Demonstratives (45)

Exhibit 360 — On Day 12, Dohrwardt initially said Exhibit 360 appeared consistent with Cellcom records and her testimony. On cross-examination, she said she had not prepared it, could not identify which duration measure it used, and agreed that its 4:35 p.m. call entry should be amended to show 11 seconds. The court initially said the exhibits were received after Exhibit 360 was offered provisionally, but counsel later discussed revisions.

Avery6 mentions

Exhibit 402 — The schematic depicts Avery Salvage Yard and a flagged site southwest of the property, identified in testimony as the reported source of material under tag 8675. The court admitted Exhibit 402 on Day 14 after the defense moved for its admission without objection.

Avery5 mentions

Exhibit 401 — During Leslie Eisenberg's Day 13 cross-examination, she identified Exhibit 401 as a diagram showing the types and anatomical locations of human bones identified in Janda Burn Barrel No. 2. The court admitted the diagram on Day 14.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 91 — Witnesses used the aerial view on Day 6 to locate a quarry, on Day 14 to orient the Avery and Janda properties, and on Day 19 to identify Avery Road, Highway 147, and a bulk plant.

Avery3 mentions

Exhibit 108 — The computer-generated diagram helped Dave Remiker describe a bullet fragment's location between a car creeper and a tall toolbox. Gary Steier was also shown the diagram when asked about a fragment's location.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 114, a computer animation or drawing of Steven Avery's residence — The computer drawing depicts Steven Avery's residence, including a trailer, garage, and burn barrel. Robert Fabian said the area looked only somewhat as depicted and identified details he believed differed or could not remember.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 13 — Exhibit 13 is a pair of Daisy Fuentes jeans that Katie Halbach selected because she thought they were similar to a pair Teresa had owned; Katie said she had not found Teresa's pair among her clothing. After the defense objected to receiving the later-purchased jeans as evidence, the State said it was not claiming they were Teresa's, and the court admitted them for a limited purpose.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 211 — Exhibit 211 is a computer-generated depiction of Steven Avery's bedroom that Mark Wiegert said drew on statements by Brendan Dassey and Jodi Stachowski. Wiegert acknowledged differences between it and Brendan's drawing, including furniture placement.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit 229 — Exhibit 229 displays four MMPI-A scales from testing discussed by Robert H. Gordon. Gordon said the scores were computer-generated and distinguished the displayed scales from the test's full set of scales.

Dassey2 mentions

Exhibit No. 98 — Exhibit No. 98 depicts the Avery Salvage Property, including the Avery and Janda/Dassey residences. Scott Tadych was asked to use it to describe what he saw, and Blaine Dassey pointed to where he said a Suzuki was parked.

Avery2 mentions

Skull and skeletal graphics — In the Avery trial, Exhibit 388 labeled recovered facial-bone areas on a skull graphic, while Exhibit 389 compared male and female skeletons. Eisenberg described corresponding computer-generated graphics, Exhibits 188 and 189, during the Dassey trial.

AveryDassey2 mentions

339–340 — Exhibit 339 was identified as a CD-ROM of the PowerPoint presentation used during testimony, and Exhibit 340 as a printout of its slides. The State moved to admit both during Day 10 procedural discussion, and the court admitted them.

377 — Exhibit 377 is a handout containing pictures used in a PowerPoint presentation that illustrated Donald Simley's dental comparison process. The court admitted the handout during his Day 13 testimony.

466 — Exhibit 466 was identified as LeBeau's PowerPoint demonstration, used to explain his testimony. The court initially announced it admitted, but the defense later objected; the court left that objection for later, with no further ruling shown in the supplied discussion.

77 — Heimerl used markers on the image to place one bullet in a concrete crack toward the front of the garage and another at the rear near a tool chest. He noted that the green air compressor was not depicted.

Dassey1 mention

Austin depiction of the Avery garage — The Austin depiction showed the Avery garage with its roof removed. During cross-examination, Thomas Fassbender agreed that it omitted items, including pieces of machinery and other property.

Dassey1 mention

Closed-captioned text displayed during interview playback — Closed-captioned text was displayed during interview playback on Day 4. The court allowed yellow highlighting over a defense objection to the highlighting, while giving the audio-first instruction.

Dassey1 mention

computer-generated scene models — The computer-generated scene models were presented as distinct from photographs. The prosecutor said they offered elevated views of the property and illustrated distances or proximity among locations.

Computer-generated skeleton image labeled skeleton 1 — The computer-generated JPEG labeled skeleton 1 was displayed during Leslie Eisenberg's Day 14 cross-examination. Eisenberg said she and Trooper Austin worked cooperatively to depict her findings, correcting the suggestion that he worked under her supervision.

Defense-prepared transcript scrolled during the first recording; Strang said the transcript was not evidence — During his Day 1 opening argument, Strang scrolled a defense-prepared transcript while introducing an excerpt of a dispatch recording. He cautioned that the recording was difficult to hear and that his transcript might be wrong.

Exhibit 101 and 104 — During William Tyson's Day 7 cross-examination, Exhibit 101 was shown as a depiction of Steven Avery's residence. Exhibit 104 was then shown as a representation of the back bedroom and hallway bathroom area.

Exhibit 102 — Exhibit 102 is an animation of Steven Avery's residence shown during Thomas Fassbender's Day 5 cross-examination. Counsel used it while questioning him about a search of the residence by four officers.

Exhibit 103 — Exhibit 103 is a computer animation that counsel zoomed into Steven Avery's bedroom during James Lenk's Day 8 testimony. Lenk said the view would help him describe a search of that bedroom.

Exhibit 104 — Kucharski recognized the displayed model as Steven Avery's bedroom but said it appeared to show furniture while omitting the walls and windows.

Exhibit 109 — Pevytoe recognized the schematic and agreed that it depicted the area he had described near the doghouse and burn-pit depression, with north at the top.

Exhibit 193–194 — Eisenberg identified Exhibit 193 as a left-skull view marking the approximate parietal defect she described as a gunshot entry wound and Exhibit 194 as a rear-skull view marking the approximate occipital defect. The court received both with the exhibits she had identified.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 195 — Eisenberg said the graphic marked body regions from which she could identify bone fragments or whole bones among remains identified to her as coming from the burn pit behind Steven Avery's garage. The court received it with the exhibits she had identified.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 212 — The rendering depicts a garage layout with less clutter than the original photograph. The court received Exhibit 212 as part of Exhibits 206 through 213 without defense objection.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 228 — Gordon said he supplied the chart used to make the exhibit and combined the two tests to simplify presentation. The prosecutor challenged whether its categories matched the Wechsler scale, and the court withheld ruling on the objection while defense counsel developed further foundation.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 230 — Gordon identified the exhibit as the results of his Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale testing of Brendan Dassey. He reported seven yielding responses, nine changed answers after renewed questioning, and a combined score of 16.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 396 — Eisenberg said the graphic generally depicted the location of the parietal defect she observed. The court later admitted the exhibits she had identified in her testimony.

Exhibit 399 — Eisenberg described the graphic as a rear-left view of a skeleton marking the approximate occipital opening. She related it to an X-ray view in which she counted at least ten dense particles adjacent to the defect, and the court later admitted the exhibits she had identified.

Exhibit 63–77 — Fassbender described computer-generated views of the residences, garage, bedroom, and burn area that depicted measurements and relationships at the property. He said the garage views omitted much of the clutter present there.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 76 — Ertl referred to the view while describing garage areas that reacted to luminol and said only one area, behind a vehicle shown on the screen, also tested positive with phenolphthalein. He said that spot lay beneath the vehicle's rear bumper and could not be pointed out on the view.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 78, displayed scene model only — Fassbender narrated the scene-model animation's views of the residences, garage, burn area, and burn barrels. The State offered only the portion shown, not a second animation on the item, and the court received the offered portion without objection.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 91 through 116 — Austin said the set included scene-model images from his total-station project and several aerial photographs that were not scene models. The court admitted Exhibits 91 through 116 without objection.

Exhibit No. 73 — Stachowski said the types of furniture shown matched what had been in the bedroom before she went to jail, but the room had not been arranged as depicted then.

Dassey1 mention

Kratz said Austin intended to explain his process through a PowerPoint demonstration and that Kratz would mark it and make it part of the record after the testimony. He said he had supplied hard copies to the court and defense. — Kratz said Austin intended to explain his process through a PowerPoint demonstration and that hard copies had been supplied to the court and defense. He said he planned to mark the demonstration and make it part of the record after the testimony.

Orthogonal diagram of the RAV-4 area and tree lines — The two-dimensional diagram represents the RAV-4 area and tree lines, but Austin said individual trees were not mapped. He acknowledged that the diagram, as shown, was not the best medium for assessing the sight line from the crusher.

PowerPoint demonstration about blood collection tubes and EDTA — The PowerPoint demonstration accompanied Marc LeBeau's Day 16 explanation of blood collection tubes. His testimony described the different tube types and how EDTA in a lavender- or purple-topped tube prevents clotting.

PowerPoint presentation containing forensic-mapping slides and CAD drawings — Austin said the PowerPoint contained two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional computer scenes from his forensic-mapping project. He described the CAD drawings as overhead views that could be enlarged to show particular areas.

State's Power Point slide explaining false imprisonment, which Strang said omitted “during her lifetime” — During Day 1 procedural discussion, Strang said the State's false-imprisonment slide omitted the phrase “during her lifetime.” He suggested reminding jurors that legal instructions come from the court; the supplied discussion does not show a ruling on the slide.

Third skeleton image used for demonstrative purposes — Strang described a third skeleton image used for demonstrative purposes during Leslie Eisenberg's testimony. He did not seek to include it in his admission request for two separately marked exhibits.

Three-dimensional garage model, including markers placed from other officers' March 2006 measurements and views with objects hidden — Austin described a three-dimensional garage model built from measurements and selected larger objects. He said a vehicle, snowmobile, and air compressor were hidden in one view, and cautioned that the model was not a photograph of the scene.

Trooper Austin's computerized scene overview animation — During Day 20 cross-examination, Scott Fairgrieve said he had access to a computerized scene report, which counsel identified as Trooper Austin's overview animation.

Testimony References (26)

Bobby Dassey's testimony — On Day 5, the court sustained an objection to a question about Bobby Dassey's testimony because it exceeded the scope of redirect. On Day 25, the jury requested his testimony, and the court proposed asking it to identify specific portions rather than providing the entire transcript.

Avery2 mentions

Blaine Dassey's and Mr. Fabian's accounts concerning the burn barrel and garage — On Day 23, the prosecutor recounted Blaine Dassey's testimony about a white bag placed in a burning barrel and the location of a Suzuki and snowmobile near the garage. He also recounted Mr. Fabian's testimony about burning-plastic odor, smoke, and a closed garage before dark.

Bobby Dassey's earlier testimony about a remark he attributed to Steven Avery. — On Day 3, counsel disputed Bobby Dassey's earlier testimony about a remark he attributed to Steven Avery. The defense said his account placed the remark on November 3, while a disclosed report described a joking exchange involving another person on November 10; the State maintained that the report disclosed the conversation and that Dassey had described the remark as a joke.

Bobby Dassey's testimony about a statement attributed to the defendant — On Day 3, the court addressed Bobby Dassey's testimony about a statement attributed to Steven Avery and a different date in the disclosed material. The court said the date difference could affect credibility, required the State to make Dassey available for defense consultation, and allowed cross-examination immediately or later; it did not decide whether a later jury instruction would be needed.

Bobby Dassey's testimony that he saw Teresa Halbach walk toward Avery's trailer, as discussed by both counsel — On Day 19, both sides discussed Bobby Dassey's testimony that he saw Teresa Halbach walk toward Avery's trailer after photographing a van. The defense emphasized that he did not testify that she entered, while the State pointed to his account of seeing no one nearby after he showered and went to his truck.

Brutus's alert on the RAV4, as described in testimony — In Day 23 closing argument, the prosecutor said Brutus alerted on Teresa Halbach's RAV4 and described the alert as indicating to the handler that a dead body was in, or had been in, the vehicle.

Buchner's testimony that she saw a woman photographing a van during an afternoon bus drop-off — On Day 19, Lisa Buchner testified that she saw a woman with a camera photographing a van near a driveway while she was dropping off the Dassey boys at about 3:30 to 3:40 p.m. The supplied testimony does not establish the exact day of the sighting.

DNA comparisons involving Halbach's Pap-smear standard, RAV4 samples, and a garage bullet — On Day 23, the prosecutor described Culhane's comparison of RAV4 bloodstains and a Pepsi-can sample with a DNA profile developed from Teresa Halbach's Pap-smear standard. He also discussed the garage bullet comparison and acknowledged that Culhane's DNA appeared in a control sample during that testing, rather than on the bullet itself.

DNA comparisons involving the RAV4 hood latch, Toyota key, and vehicle bloodstains — On Day 23, the prosecutor described DNA profiles from the RAV4 hood latch and a Toyota key as matching Steven Avery's profile. He also described profiles from bloodstains in the vehicle's front and rear areas as matching Avery's profile, while noting that the hood-latch sample had no visible blood.

DNA detected in a control sample during bullet testing — On Day 23, the prosecutor acknowledged that Sherry Culhane's DNA appeared in a control sample during garage-bullet testing and said she called it contamination. He distinguished that sample from the bullet extract and recounted her testimony that the control-sample finding did not affect the comparison.

Dr. Gordon's suggestibility testing and Dr. Armentrout's rebuttal testimony — On Day 9, the prosecutor criticized Dr. Gordon's suggestibility and intelligence testing and his interpretation of the results. He also referred to Dr. Armentrout's rebuttal and argued that Dassey's refusals to adopt some investigators' suggestions weighed against the defense's account of suggestibility.

Dassey1 mention

EDTA testing of the blood vial and three vehicle blood samples — In Day 24 rebuttal closing, the prosecutor recounted testimony that EDTA was detected in Avery's stored blood vial but was not detectable in three tested vehicle blood samples. He said the defense expert questioned the limited number of vehicle samples tested.

Excerpts of Sherry Culhane's February 26 cross-examination read to the jury — On Day 26, the court read selected portions of Sherry Culhane's February 26 cross-examination in response to a jury request. In those excerpts, Culhane reported no Teresa Halbach DNA on the tested rifle barrel and no Steven Avery DNA from the swabbed trigger area; she specified that the trigger guard was the only place she swabbed for Avery's DNA.

FBI EDTA test results and Dr. LeBeau's proposed opinions about the blood vial and RAV4 bloodstains; the court allowed the expert testimony — On Day 16, the court heard competing arguments about FBI EDTA testing, including the test's limits and whether Dr. LeBeau's broader opinion would assist the jury. The court granted the State's motion and clarified that he could testify about both the blood in the tube and the blood in the vehicle.

FBI EDTA testing and testimony about detection limits — On Day 24, Strang cited Arvizu's testimony in arguing that the FBI protocol could identify EDTA when detected but was not designed to confirm its absence. He distinguished a nondetection from proof that no EDTA was present.

February 27 interview statements, as described by counsel — On Day 5, counsel disputed whether the defense could elicit Dassey's February 27 interview statements after testimony and the March 1 recording referred to earlier questioning. The court granted the prosecution's request, with an exception for matters identified on two pages of the March 1 transcript.

Dassey1 mention

Kayla Avery's account of an earlier conversation with Dassey — In the Day 9 rebuttal closing, Fallon referred to an earlier statement attributed to Kayla about a conversation with Dassey involving body parts, a fire, and other images. Fallon acknowledged that Kayla had denied the statement on the stand.

Dassey1 mention

Lenk and Colborn civil-lawsuit depositions — In the Day 1 defense opening, Strang said Lenk and Colborn had been deposed as witnesses in Avery's civil lawsuit in October 2005. He described the questioning as concerning their own conduct in relation to Avery's earlier imprisonment.

Leurquin's account of an unfamiliar green SUV — During Day 19 re-redirect testimony, Leurquin said the green SUV he recalled seeing leave the Avery property was not one he saw regularly. He said he had not seen it arrive or recalled seeing it there before.

Lieutenant Lenk's prior sworn statements about his arrival at the Avery property — At the Day 22 charge conference, Strang said Lenk had been confronted on cross-examination with two prior sworn statements about when he arrived at the Avery property. Strang argued that they could be viewed as materially inconsistent with Lenk's trial testimony and requested specific jury guidance on prior inconsistent statements.

Pliszka's offer-of-proof account of Halbach's statement that Mr. Avery had come out in a towel — In Pliszka's Day 2 redirect, the court considered her offer-of-proof account of Halbach saying that Avery had come out in a towel. The court called admissibility a close question but declined to allow the reported statement because the date of the observation and the statement's context were unclear.

School and forensic-psychologist testimony the defense said it would offer about Brendan Dassey's cognitive functioning and susceptibility to suggestion — In the Day 1 defense opening, Fremgen said school testimony would address Dassey's cognitive functioning and memory, while a forensic psychologist would discuss testing and susceptibility to suggestion. These were descriptions of testimony the defense expected to offer, not findings made in the opening statement.

Dassey1 mention

Skull-fragment examinations and lead findings — In the Day 23 closing, Kratz recounted Eisenberg's testimony about defects in skull fragments and Olson's findings of lead particles near those defects. He presented those examinations as part of the State's argument about the manner and cause of Halbach's death.

Statements from Mr. Dassey's May 13 interview, discussed as possible rebuttal evidence rather than evidence introduced at this point — On Day 1, the State said it was considering the May 13 interview statements for rebuttal rather than its case in chief and objected in advance to defense cross-examination about them. The judge deferred a final ruling but indicated that the defense could not ask about those statements at that stage.

Dassey1 mention

Strang's account of David Beach's earlier testimony about what Avery said when Halbach left the property; Strang said it came in without objection. — During a Day 2 procedural discussion, Strang said Beach had testified without objection that Avery did not know where Halbach was going next and that she turned left when leaving the property. Strang offered that account in response to the State's concern about Avery statements previewed in his opening.

Trial testimony about the searches and what investigators knew, as characterized differently by defense and State counsel — On Day 10, the defense characterized trial testimony about the sequence of searches, what investigators knew when seeking a warrant, and a delay in searching the burn area as grounds to renew a suppression request. The State disputed that characterization and maintained that the warrant supported one continuous search.

Stipulations (17)

The parties' stipulation that Steven Avery had been convicted of a felony before November 5, 2005 — The parties agreed that Steven Avery had been convicted of a felony before November 5, 2005. The court gave that stipulation in both its opening and final jury instructions on the firearm charge.

Avery2 mentions

205 — Exhibit 205 set out what Angela Schuster and Dawn Pliszka would have testified about Teresa Halbach's Auto Trader work, earlier photo shoots at the Avery salvage business, and October 31 appointment-related calls. Both sides confirmed the stipulation on Day 4.

Dassey1 mention

Agreed stipulations concerning October 31 appointments and observations, the fire, medical findings, and Auto Trader records — The agreed stipulations described what named people would have testified about Teresa Halbach's October 31 appointments, observations of her vehicle and a fire, medical findings, and Auto Trader work and calls. The court read them during Day 9 jury instructions in Brendan Dassey's trial.

Dassey1 mention

Counsel's stipulation that the aerial photographs discussed were taken after the RAV4 was removed — During Todd Hermann's Day 4 cross-examination, counsel agreed that the aerial photographs discussed had been taken after the RAV4 was removed. Counsel also said they had not seen an aerial photograph showing the vehicle still in that location.

Exhibit 196 — Exhibit 196 was the first stipulation read to the jury on Day 4 and marked for identification. It described Schmitz's and Zipperer's expected accounts of Teresa Halbach's October 31 visits to photograph vehicles for Auto Trader, including approximate times and her departure from each property.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 197 — Exhibit 197 was the second stipulation read to the jury on Day 4 and marked for identification. It said Bobby Dassey would describe seeing a RAV4 arrive, a woman he later identified as Teresa Halbach photograph a van and walk toward Steven Avery's trailer, and the RAV4's presence when he left around 3:00 p.m. but not when he returned around 5:00 p.m.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 198 — Exhibit 198 was the third stipulation read to the jury on Day 4 and marked for identification. It said Scott Tadych would testify that, between 7:30 and 7:45 p.m. on October 31, he saw a large fire behind Steven Avery's detached garage and Brendan Dassey and Steven Avery standing beside it.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit No. 200 — Exhibit No. 200 was a Day 4 trial stipulation marked for identification. It stated that Dr. Jeffrey Jentzen would testify, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, that Teresa Halbach's manner of death was homicide and her cause of death was gunshot wounds to the head.

Dassey1 mention

Parties’ stipulation concerning bone fragments submitted to the FBI Laboratory and the inability to conduct DNA examinations — The parties stipulated that fragments identified as human from the burn pit and Janda burn barrel, and fragments suspected as possibly human from the quarry pile, were sent to the FBI Laboratory for further DNA analysis. The stipulated testimony was that the fragments' condition prevented DNA examinations.

Parties' stipulation concerning Mike Osmunson's expected testimony — The parties agreed that, if called, Mike Osmunson would describe a joking exchange with Steven Avery about the missing woman and burying a body. The account was read to the jury on Day 4.

Parties' stipulation concerning two October 31, 2005 telephone calls, received by the court — The parties agreed that Steven Avery spoke with Jodi Stachowski twice by cordless landline on October 31, 2005, beginning at 5:36 p.m. and 8:57 p.m., with each call lasting about 15 minutes. The stipulation did not describe the calls' contents, and the court received it.

Stipulated account of Bobby Dassey's RAV4 observations — The stipulated account said Bobby Dassey would testify that he saw a woman he later identified as Teresa Halbach photograph a van and walk toward Steven Avery's trailer. He would also say the RAV4 remained outside when he left around 3:00 p.m.

Dassey1 mention

Stipulated account of Scott Tadych's observation of the fire — The stipulation said Scott Tadych would testify that he saw a large fire behind Steven Avery's detached garage and observed Brendan Dassey and Steven Avery beside it. The account was cited in Day 9 closing argument.

Dassey1 mention

Stipulated opinion of Dr. Jeffrey Jentzen on cause and manner of death — The stipulation described Dr. Jeffrey Jentzen's expected expert opinion, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, that Teresa Halbach's manner of death was homicide and her cause of death was gunshot wounds to the head.

Dassey1 mention

Stipulation establishing convicted-felon status on the relevant date for one element of Count 3; the defense clarified that it conceded no other element of that count. — During a Day 21 motion to dismiss the remaining counts, the defense acknowledged that Steven Avery's convicted-felon status on the relevant date had been stipulated. Counsel then clarified that the concession did not extend to the other elements of the firearm charge.

Stipulation that Teresa Halbach's Pap smear was taken at Bellin Hospital in Green Bay in 2002 — During Sherry Culhane's Day 10 testimony, counsel agreed that Teresa Halbach's Pap smear had been taken at Bellin Hospital in Green Bay in 2002. The court accepted that stipulation.

Stipulation to the felony-conviction element of the felon-in-possession charge — In a Day 1 procedural discussion, Steven Avery confirmed his decision to stipulate to the second element of the felon-in-possession charge. The State also accepted the stipulation.

Other (40)

X-ray of the left occipital skull fragment — During Day 15 testimony, Olson identified item KQ at the upper left of Exhibit 398 and described bright spots that could indicate dense material such as lead. Jentzen described radiodense fragments near a beveled area in that exhibit. During Day 4 testimony, Eisenberg identified at least ten radiopaque areas near a defect in the upper-left occipital fragment of Exhibit 139, but said she could not determine the image’s viewing direction.

AveryDassey5 mentions

Exhibit 292 — The photograph shows the RAV4's front passenger seat and a CD carrying case that Riddle identified as one he found during his vehicle inventory. Stahlke pointed out a visible stain on the case and described a contact-transfer stain on the seat, but said a lighter pattern on the case could not be seen in the photograph.

Avery3 mentions

X-ray of left parietal skull fragments — On Day 2, Olson identified Exhibit 138 as an x-ray of skull fragment Item EJ. On Day 4, Eisenberg described it as showing two left parietal fragments, including one with a defect and four small radiopaque areas. On Day 15, Jentzen used Exhibit 397 to describe internal beveling, a semicircular perforation, and small radiodense fragments he associated with gunshot wounds.

AveryDassey3 mentions

Exhibit 473 — Exhibit 473 was a photograph shown during questions about a blood vial. Riddle said he examined the vial and found faint ridge detail unsuitable for comparison; LeBeau said the vial appeared to have been opened, citing blood around its stopper.

Avery2 mentions

Exhibit 89 — Exhibit 89 consisted of pages 515 and 516 of a Calumet County Sheriff's Department report. On Day 6, the court corrected the record to show that it had not been admitted into evidence.

Avery2 mentions

142–151 — The clerk described Exhibits 142 through 151 as a group including sign-in and sign-out logs, a car-crusher checkpoint record, and photographs. During the Day 6 exhibit review, counsel voiced no objection and the court admitted the group.

163–205, excluding 164, 165, and 187 — On Day 6, the State moved to admit Exhibits 163 through 205 except 164, 165, and 187, which counsel said the witness could not identify. The defense did not object, and the court admitted the specified group.

165, 166, 167 — During Day 3 testimony, counsel offered Exhibits 165, 166, and 167, and the court received them without objection. That exchange did not describe their contents.

Dassey1 mention

1985 felony conviction — During a Day 8 discussion outside the jury's presence, the State sought to ask about Avery's 1985 felony conviction as a proposed explanation for the investigative focus. The defense argued that the conviction involved different people and conduct and lacked a link to the investigation.

206 — Exhibit 206 was identified in testimony as a photograph of the sink in Avery's bathroom. After Tyson's Day 7 redirect testimony, defense counsel moved to admit it with Exhibit 207, and the court admitted both without objection.

207 — Exhibit 207 was identified in testimony as a photograph of the washing machine in Avery's bathroom. After Tyson's Day 7 redirect testimony, defense counsel moved to admit it with Exhibit 206, and the court admitted both without objection.

221–261, except 249 and 251 — During Kucharski's Day 9 testimony, the State sought admission of Exhibits 221 through 261 except 249 and 251. The defense did not object, and the court admitted the specified group; counsel said Kucharski had not identified Exhibit 251.

226, 227, 229, 230, 231 — After Day 8 recross-examination, defense counsel moved Exhibits 226, 227, 229, 230, and 231 under previously stated conditions. Attorney Kratz did not object to completing the record but reserved a possible objection to later use; the exchange contains no admission ruling.

Dassey1 mention

278 — During Heimerl's Day 9 direct examination, the prosecutor said Exhibit 278 had not been offered or identified and excluded it from his motion to admit other exhibits. The supplied exchange does not establish what Exhibit 278 depicted.

302 — During Day 11 testimony, the witness said the RAV4's battery cables were disconnected when the hood was opened and identified Exhibit 302 as showing the disconnected cable.

492 — During Day 19 procedural discussion, Attorney Kratz described Exhibit 492 as a duplicate and said it had been returned to the clerk.

Brendan Dassey's confession — After the evidence closed, counsel disputed whether independent evidence corroborated Brendan Dassey's confession as to Count 3. The State cited details including restraints, the bedroom layout, and evidence it associated with the garage; the defense disputed their connection to that count.

Dassey1 mention

Brendan Dassey's known fingerprints and palm print used for comparison — Riddle compared Brendan Dassey's known fingerprints and palm print with a print from the side of the RAV4 and prints from items inside it. He reported no match to Dassey among those prints.

Dassey1 mention

Bullet DNA testing and contaminated control sample — The court described Culhane's testimony that her DNA entered a control sample during bullet testing, while the bullet extract test showed no evidence of contamination and was found to contain Teresa Halbach's DNA. The defense sought suppression of the results or an alternative jury instruction because it had not been permitted an observer during testing.

Citizen-provided report concerning a juror; counsel later described a comment attributed to someone matching the juror's description. — A citizen's report about a juror prompted the judge to question Laura Barber during individual voir dire on Day 23. Counsel later discussed whether to ask her directly about a comment attributed to someone matching her description, then continued the discussion in chambers without an on-record ruling.

DNA testing results — Defense counsel argued on Day 9 that none of the DNA evidence presented matched Brendan Dassey. He also questioned why the creeper discussed in the State's account had not been tested for DNA.

Dassey1 mention

Evidence from Avery's 1985 case discussed in connection with a 2002 transfer — In Day 8 cross-examination, Lenk recalled an order to transfer evidence from Avery's 1985 case to the State Crime Lab. He said he did not personally retrieve that evidence from the Clerk of Court's Office and identified another deputy as the person who did.

Exhibit 121 — During Day 8 testimony, the witness identified the depicted area as the location of a bullet fragment under an air compressor. He could not recall whether the compressor had been moved before he saw the fragment or which side of it the fragment was on.

Exhibit 222 — During Day 6 procedural discussion, the court asked about Exhibit 222 while addressing other exhibits from the witness's testimony. Defense counsel said Exhibit 222 had not been offered.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 293 — During Day 18 testimony, Michael Riddle used the displayed exhibit to indicate the center console between the front seats as the approximate location of the lanyard he had observed in the RAV4.

Exhibit 390 — During Day 15 testimony, Jeffrey Jentzen examined the displayed image of a fragment identified to him as left parietal skull bone. He pointed out internal beveling and a semicircular defect, which he interpreted as consistent with a penetrating entrance gunshot wound.

Exhibit 393 — During Day 15 testimony, Jeffrey Jentzen recognized the displayed fragment as one Eisenberg had identified as from the left occipital region. He said he had examined the fragment and pointed out prominent internal beveling and a semicircular edge.

Exhibit 468–471 — During Day 17 procedural discussion, counsel requested admission of Exhibits 468 through 471, and the court admitted that range after the State stated it had no objection. The ruling did not cover the full range of Exhibits 471 through 474 that the clerk said had been marked.

Exhibit 72 — During Day 2 testimony, William Tyson used the previously received Exhibit 72 to point out the kitchen, living room, hallway, bedrooms, and bathroom in Steven Avery's trailer.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibit 79–94 — During Day 2 testimony, the court received Exhibits 79 through 94 after the defense stated it had no objection. The exchange identified Exhibit 90 as a photograph of the vehicle's hood latch and Exhibit 94 as a tagged swab from that latch described as containing possible DNA evidence; it did not describe the entire range.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibits 132 through 140, offered by the State with a defense request to reserve ruling — During Olson's Day 2 direct examination, the State moved to receive Exhibits 132 through 140. Defense counsel asked the court to reserve its ruling until he could address some of the exhibits; no admission ruling appears in that examination.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibits 132–140 — On Day 2, the court received Exhibits 132 through 140 after hearing objections concerning some curriculum vitae and reports. The court reserved the question of what, if anything, would be published to or sent back to the jury.

Dassey1 mention

Exhibits 283 and 284 — After Heimerl's Day 9 recross-examination, defense counsel moved to admit Exhibits 283 and 284. The State did not object, and the court admitted both exhibits; the supplied exchange does not identify their contents.

four prospective exhibits — During Day 5 recross-examination, counsel asked Fassbender about four prospective exhibits, including an undated bill of sale. Fassbender agreed that none showed Halbach inside the trailer.

Garage luminol testing — Ertl agreed that luminol can react to human or animal blood and potentially to lead. He described a larger glowing area behind a lawnmower but said packed items and other obstructions prevented examination of some nearby and underlying areas.

Dassey1 mention

Memory card or paper with writing seen inside the vehicle — Orth recalled briefly seeing what he described as a memory card or paper with writing inside the vehicle. He was uncertain of its color but thought a light background and blue or black writing stood out against a darker area.

Pending FBI testing of the blood-vial sample; counsel said results were not yet available — On Day 7, counsel said roughly half of the blood-vial sample had been sent to the FBI and that results were not yet available. Both sides anticipated further argument about the testing, while the defense said it still lacked an opportunity for independent testing or expert assessment.

sign mentioning a Zander Road address — During Tyson's Day 7 redirect testimony, counsel referred to a sign mentioning a Zander Road address that Tyson had been shown earlier. Tyson confirmed that he recalled seeing it.

Statements the State claimed Brendan Dassey made — The court told jurors that the State had introduced evidence of statements it claimed Brendan Dassey made. Its Day 9 instructions directed them to consider the circumstances of each statement alongside the other evidence.

Dassey1 mention

The defendant's statements referenced in the defense opening — On Day 2, the court addressed the defense opening's references to the defendant's statements. It noted counsel's position that some statements had already come into evidence and said the references were not prohibited at that stage.